Posted by admin on Jul 1, 2012 in |
Apoptosis plays an important role in development, growth, differentiation, altered gravity conditions, tissue homeostasis, immune defense, and cancer to control cell number in tissues and to eliminate individual cells that threaten the animal’s survival. The purposes of this review are to describe the signaling pathways and the cellular changes that occur with apoptosis. Currently, two pathways for activating apoptosis have been studied in detail. One starts with ligation of a death ligand to its transmembrane death receptor, followed by recruitment and activation of caspases in the death-inducing signalling complex. The second pathway involves the participation of mitochondria, which release caspase-activating proteins into the cytosol, thereby forming the apoptosome where caspases will bind and become activated. The novel agents include those targeting for the design of more effective and selective therapeutic strategies. This review providing an overview of the recent understanding of apoptotic signaling pathways, the main mechanisms by which cancer cells resist apoptotic insults, and discuss some recent attempts to target for restoring efficient cell death signaling in cancer...
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Posted by admin on Jul 1, 2012 in |
In this article, an attempt has been made to explore a positive correlation between obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The possible role of several important agents in causing both has been discussed in detail. From the discussion, it seems that obesity is definitely and intimately linked to type 2...
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Posted by admin on Jul 1, 2012 in |
Neonatal sepsis is associated with increased mortality and morbidity including neurodevelopmental impairment and prolongation of hospital stay. Clinical features of sepsis are non-specific in neonates and a high index of suspicion is required for timely diagnosis. Antibiotics are a very important group of drugs for the sick neonate and have undoubtedly played a role in their improved survival. But they come with a set of risks like other drugs used in critical care which must be carefully considered and weighed against the benefits in any decision to commence antibiotics. Prophylactic antibiotics are not indicated in almost all situations in neonatology. There is high level of evidence to show that they are not useful for the prevention of infection following umbilical vessel or central venous catheterization. Traditionally, the selection of antibiotics for empirical therapy is based on the local policy, and the duration of therapy is decided by the treating physician based on clinical symptoms and blood culture results. In this paper, we discuss briefly about the causative organisms of...
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Posted by admin on Jul 1, 2012 in |
Chalcones are 1, 3-diphenyl-2-propene-1-one, consist of two aromatic rings linked by a three carbon α, β-unsaturated carbonyl system. The chemistry of chalcones has generated intensive scientific studies throughout the world. Especially interest has been focused on the synthesis and biodynamic activities of chalcones. These are considered to be precursors of flavonoids and isoflavonoids. The aim of this review is to summarize chalcones and their diverse pharmacological activities like anticancer, antimicrobial, analgesic and antiviral activities...
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Posted by admin on Jun 10, 2012 in |
Due to various advantages such as high-precision dosing, manufacturing efficiency and patient compliance helped making tablets the most popular dosage forms among all available dosages forms. Compaction, which is an essential manufacturing step in the manufacture of tablets, mainly includes compression (i.e. reduction of volume of the powder under consideration and particle rearrangement) and consolidation (i.e., formation of interparticulate bond to facilitate stable compaction). The success of the compaction process depends not only on the physico-technical properties of drugs and excipients, but also on the instrument settings with respect to rate and magnitude of force transfer. Tablet manufacturing speed and pre/main compression force profile also have an influence on the quality of the final tablet. Mechanical aspects of tablet formation can be studied using, instrumented punches/dies, instrumented tablet punching machines, and compaction simulators. These have potential application in pharmaceutical research and development, such as studying basic compaction mechanism, various process variables, scale-up parameters, trouble shooting problems, creating compaction data library, and fingerprinting of new active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) or...
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