Posted by admin on Aug 1, 2012 in |
The emergence of multi-drug-resistant strains of M. tuberculosis makes it necessary for the discovery of new drugs, and also implement other modalities of treatment. Eperezolid and linezolid are oxalidinones which are in phase II clinical trials. Other oxalidinones like AZD5847 and PNU100480 are being evaluated in a phase I trials. Regimens based on a higher dose of rifampin in humans are also being evaluated. Rifapentine (10 mg/kg) was approved for the treatment of pulmonary TB in 1998. Fluroquinolones like Ofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Lomifloxacin, levofloxacin, sparfloxacin and Moxifloxacin are effective against M. tuberculosis and are in various phase of development. Newer molecules like TMC207, nitroimidazoles like PA-824 and OPC-67683 are in phase II. Diamines like SQ109 has shown to have in vitro action between SQ109 and isoniazid and especially rifampin. SQ609, a dipiperidine, which is an inhibitor of translocase, involved in cell wall synthesis, is in preclinical studies. Sudoterb (LL3858) is found to have bactericidal activity against both drug senstitive and MDR-TB. BTZ-043 (NM4TB Consortium), FAS20013, LL3858, CPZEN-45, are also in...
Read More
Posted by admin on Aug 1, 2012 in |
Mucoadhesion is a field of current interest in the design of drug delivery systems. Mucoadhesion is commonly defined as the adhesion between two materials, at least one of which is a mucosal surface. Mucoadhesive drug delivery system may be designed to enable prolonged residence time of the dosage form at the site of application or absorption and facilitate an intimate contact of the dosage form with the underline absorption surface. Extending the residence time of a dosage form at a particular site and controlling the release of drug from the dosage form are useful especially for achieving controlled plasma level of the drug as well as improving bioavailability. Application of these dosage forms to mucosal surfaces may be of benefit to drug molecules not amenable to the oral route, such as those that undergo acid degradation or extensive first-pass metabolism. The present review describes mucoadhesion, mucoadhesive polymers and use of these polymers in designing different types of mucoadhesive gastrointestinal, nasal, ocular, vaginal and rectal drug delivery systems. The research...
Read More
Posted by admin on Aug 1, 2012 in |
Nephrotoxicity is one of the most common kidney problems and occurs when body is exposed to a drug or toxin. A number of therapeutic agents can adversely affect the kidney resulting in acute renal failure, chronic interstitial nephritis and nephritic syndrome because increasing number of potent therapeutic drugs like aminoglycoside antibiotics, chemotherapeutic agents and NSAIDS. Nephroprotective agents are the substances which possess protective activity against nephrotoxicity. Medicinal plants have curative properties due to the presence of various complex chemical substances. The present review is about the some of the medicinal plants possessing nephroprotective activity on Cisplatin and Gentamicin induced...
Read More
Posted by admin on Aug 1, 2012 in |
The oral delivery of lipophilic drugs presents a major challenge because of the low aqueous solubility and less bioavailability. Self-micro emulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDSs) have gained exposure for their ability to increase solubility and bioavailability. SMEDDS, which are isotropic mixtures of oils, surfactants, solvents and co-solvents/surfactants, can be used for the design of formulations in order to improve the oral absorption of highly lipophilic drug compounds. SMEDDS can be orally administered in soft or hard gelatin capsules and form fine relatively stable oil-in-water (o/w) emulsions upon aqueous dilution owing to the gentle agitation of the gastrointestinal fluids. The efficiency of oral absorption of the drug compound from the SMEDDS depends on many formulation-related parameters, such as surfactant concentration, oil/surfactant ratio, polarity of the emulsion, droplet size and charge, all of which in essence determine the self-emulsification ability. Thus, only very specific pharmaceutical excipient combinations will lead to efficient self-microemulsifying systems. The fact that almost 40% of the new drug compounds are hydrophobic in nature implies that studies with...
Read More
Posted by admin on Aug 1, 2012 in |
Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn. (NAT) is well known Indian medicinal plant. The plant is used in Ayurveda for various pharmacological actions such as anti-arthritic, antispasmodic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, immunostimulant, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, antiarthritic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antihelmintic, antileishmanial, antiviral, CNS depressant. The present review discusses pharmacology of the herb, its pre-clinical and clinical studies, safety and herbal drug interaction which is a need of the...
Read More
