Posted by admin on Aug 1, 2012 in |
Metabolic Syndrome is a cluster of several cardiovascular risk factors that include glucose intolerance, central obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. The public health impact of this syndrome is weighty; given it is a primary risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, obstructive sleep apnea, and type II diabetes. This current plight is further underscored by recently emerging evidence that Metabolic Syndrome is also associated with albuminuria and increasing incidence of chronic kidney disease, Moreover, this relationship persists even after exclusion of individuals with diabetes. Thus, Metabolic Syndrome is an independent risk factor for the development of chronic kidney disease, in the absence of diabetes, and independent of hypertension. ...
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Posted by admin on Aug 1, 2012 in |
Transdermal drug technology specialists are continuing to search for new methods that can effectively and painlessly deliver larger molecules in therapeutic quantities to overcome the difficulties associated with the oral route. Transdermal Drug Delivery System (TDDS) is the system in which the delivery of the active ingredients of the drug occurs by the means of skin. Skin is an effective medium from which absorption of the drug takes place and enters in to circulatory system. Various types of transdermal patches are used to incorporate the active ingredients into the circulatory system via skin. The patches have been proved effective because of its large advantages over other controlled drug delivery systems. This review article covers a brief outline of various components of transdermal patch, applications of transdermal patch, their advantages, disadvantages, when the transdermal patch are used and when their use should be avoided, types of transdermal patch, recent techniques for enhancing...
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Posted by admin on Aug 1, 2012 in |
Traditional systems of medicine in India include Ayurveda,Yoga, Naturopathy, Unani and Siddha. Among them Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani systems (ASU) use plants, minerals and animal products as main drugs to cure various ailments. There has been a boom in the usage of ASU drugs and export is appreciably high in the last two decades. ASU drugs may vary in composition and properties, unlike conventional pharmaceutical products, which are usually prepared from synthetic, chemically pure materials by means of reproducible manufacturing techniques and procedures. Counterfeits and drugs of poor quality degrade the clinical effects of ASU drugs. Thus authentication is a critical step for successful and reliable clinical applications and for further experimental studies on ASU drugs. The authentication methods for herbal, mineral and marine products are discussed in detail which broadly include microscopy, spectroscopy, chromatography, chemometry, immunoassays, DNA fingerprinting etc. A simple method like organoleptic characteristics may hold good to authenticate certain drugs but some may require highly sophisticated techniques too, based on the adulterants and similarity in the...
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Posted by admin on Jul 1, 2012 in |
Ocular inserts are sterile preparations, with a thin, multilayered, drug-impregnated, solid or semisolid consistency devices placed into cul-de-sac or conjunctiva sac. They are usually made up of polymeric vehicle containing drug. Ocular drug delivery is one of the most fascinating and challenging tasks being faced by the Pharmaceutical researchers. One of the major barriers of ocular medication is to obtain and maintain a therapeutic level at the site of action for prolonged period of time. The therapeutic efficacy of an ocular drug can be greatly improved by prolonging its contact with the corneal surface. Newer ocular drug delivery systems are being explored to develop extended duration and controlled release strategy. Some of the newer, sensitive and successful Ocular delivery systems like inserts, biodegradable polymeric systems, and collagen shields are being developed in order to attain better ocular bioavailability and sustained action of ocular...
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Posted by admin on Jul 1, 2012 in |
Topical administration of a drug in the conjunctival cul-de-sac is the treatment of choice for diseases of the anterior segment of eye. Development of ophthalmic drug delivery systems has always been challenging because of the drawbacks with this route, like non-productive absorption, drainage, induced lacrimation, tear turn over, impermeability of drugs to cornea. New approaches have been investigated for delivery of drugs to the eye by means of polymeric delivery of ophthalmic drugs to the pre-and intra ocular tissues, have been attempted to increase the bioavailability and the duration of therapeutic action of ocular drug. Certain new approaches to increase the ocular bioavailability, duration of the drug action and to reduce the undesirable side effects are by using drug carriers that regulate pre-corneal drug loss and improve the corneal contact time. Many of these systems prolong ocular bioavailability but do not control drug penetration through the cornea. Consequently, the drug concentration at the site of action might remain inadequate. Therefore, it is necessary to develop safer, efficacious and more...
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