Posted by admin on Feb 1, 2012 in |
The global pharmaceutical industry “looks like the epitome of a modern, mature industry that has found a comfortable way to make profits by the billion: it’s global, hi-tech, and has the ultimate customer, the health care budget of the world’s richest countries. A number of factors contributed to the globalization of the pharmaceutical industry. Chief among these are the convergence of medical science and practice under the influence of modern communication technology and increased and information exchange. The global success of the Swiss pharmaceutical industry is only due to the high level of investment in research and development and the other fact is the favorable regulatory frame work. For the development of a new drug and generics pharmaceutical company have to face number of regulatory challenges such as bioequivalence, patent expiry, newer antibiotics ,and the complexity involved in the regulated market etc. Regulatory processes are also undergoing international harmonization. As international market becomes more important, pharmaceutical companies will require greater corporation among national regulators to get life saving products...
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Posted by admin on Feb 1, 2012 in |
Carbon nanotubes are cylindrical carbon molecules have novel properties, making them potentially useful in many applications in nanotechnology, electronics, optics, and other fields of material science as well as potential uses in architectural fields. They have unique electronic, mechanical, optical and chemical properties that make them good candidates for a wide variety of applications, including drug transporters, new therapeutics, delivery systems and diagnostics. Their unique surface area, stiffness, strength and resilience have led to much excitement in the field of pharmacy. Nanotubes are categorized as single-walled nanotubes, multiple walled nanotubes. Various techniques have been developed to produce nanotubes in sizeable quantities, including arc discharge, laser ablation, chemical vapor deposition. They can pass through membranes, carrying therapeutic drugs, vaccines and nucleic acids deep into the cell to targets previously unreachable. Purification of the tubes can be divided into a couple of main techniques: oxidation, acid treatment, annealing, sonication, filtering and functionalization techniques. The main problem of insolubility in aqueous media has been solved by developing a synthetic protocol that allows...
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Posted by admin on Feb 1, 2012 in |
Osteoporosis is a major growing public health problem with impact that crosses medical, social, and economic lines. Osteoporosis in older women is the 2nd most cause of death in America thus it is one of the essential area to be understand in medical science and need to update time to time. The objective of the present review is to update all aspect of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women, including current etiology, diagnostic methods, calculator of osteoporotic risk fators (FRAX), laboratory evaluation methods and biomarkers, drug therapy & newly approved drugs along with those under clinical...
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Posted by admin on Feb 1, 2012 in |
Glucocorticosteroids (GCs) are commonly used for long-term medication in immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory therapy, but prolonged use of GCs produce number of systemic side effects. To further improve the therapeutic index, that is the ratio of the toxic to the therapeutic dose of a drug, it is at least theoretically possible by changing both pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic parameters. Pharmacokinetics can deliberately be altered by using the “inactive metabolite approach” in which one can design a soft analog of a drug that is active at the site of action (e.g.,in the lung in case of inhaled medications) but undergoes a one-step predicted metabolism in the circulation and will be transformed to the very inactive metabolite from which its creation had been started. This process happens after the drug achieves its therapeutic role at the site of action and thus prevents the rest of the body to be exposed to the active drug or to various active or reactive metabolic products. Pharmacodynamic possibility to separate beneficial and deleterious effects of steroids is...
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Posted by admin on Feb 1, 2012 in |
The aim of this literature review was to provide advance research information for the future scientists to discover new drug molecules from the medicinal plant, Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae). The plant provides a rich and rare combination of zeatin, quercetin, beta-sitosterol and kaempferol. In addition to its high nutritional value, Moringa oleifera Lam is very important for its medicinal value. Various parts of this plant such as leaves, roots, seed, bark, fruit, flowers and immature pods act as cardiac and circulatory stimulants, possess antitumor, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, antispasmodic, diuretic, antihypertensive, cholesterol lowering, antioxidant, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, antibacterial and antifungal activities, and are being employed for the treatment of different ailments in the indigenous system of medicine. This review gives the scientific information regarding pharmacological potentials of Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae)....
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