Posted by admin on Mar 1, 2011 in |
A growing interest in usage of cosmetics has created the need for greater precision in evaluation and has stimulated research into cosmetic medicine. Ocular irritation testing represents an important step in the safety evaluation of cosmetic products. The objective of this study was to introduce a method of assessing ocular irritancy in human subjects and to illustrate the significance of a new expanded grading system, designed by Kanengiser, for the precise evaluation of ocular lesions and quantitative assessment of ocular surface responses to cosmetic products. Evaluation procedure is carried out using acute instillation method. A scoring scale for Palpebral Conjunctival Irritation, Eyelid Irritation, Lachrymation, Subjective Irritation, Bulbar Conjunctival Irritation, Corneal Abnormalities, Palpebral and Bulbar Conjunctival, Caruncular, and Corneal Fluorescein Ophthalmic Staining was designed by Kanengiser & observations are interpreted graphically. From the observations it is evident that frequency of occurrence of adverse events is minimal in the human ocular instillation studies. The area of corneal fluorescein staining was judged on a 0 to +4 scale using the same terminology...
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Posted by admin on Mar 1, 2011 in |
Post stroke depression is most commonly faced psychiatric challenge, causing severe disability. Post stroke depression (PSD) occurs in nearly one-third patients either during acute/chronic stroke period. It’s often under-diagnosed. A good diagnosis must be done within one month after stroke, based on self-reporting tools, followed by observer-rated interview. Mechanism is multifactorial, presently best supported by biopsychosocial model. Upcoming approaches are genetic based and cytokine theory. About 10% PSD patients face mortality. There is a huge negative biological and psychosocial impact of PSD. Currently, pharmacological and non-pharmacological way-outs are used to manage the PSD. However, precise and timely done evaluation aided by proper therapy and utmost care is also required, under the supervision of a multidisciplinary health...
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Posted by admin on Mar 1, 2011 in |
Many drugs exist in crystalline solid form due to reasons of stability and ease of handling during the various stages of drug development. Crystalline solids can exist in the form of polymorphs, solvates or hydrates. Phase transitions such as polymorph inter-conversion, formation of hydrates, desolvation of solvates, and conversion of the crystalline to amorphous form may occur during various pharmaceutical processes. This could change the dissolution rate and transport characteristics of the drug. The current focus of research in the area is to understand the origins of polymorphism at the molecular level, and to predict and prepare the most stable polymorph of the drug. The aim of this review is to understand the recent development in the area of solid state crystallinity, amorphous state and to address the current challenges faced by pharmaceutical formulation, process development scientists and to anticipate future...
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Posted by admin on Feb 1, 2011 in |
In the present article attempt has been made to explain the basic ideas and the significance of Thin layer Chromatography (TLC) in different analytical methods. As TLC is less time consuming, low cost, and can be performed with less complicated technique it has a wide application in pharmaceutical analysis. If performed precisely 32 amino acids can be separated by TLC. Also it has a wide application in identifying impurities in a compound. It can be used as a preliminary analytical method prior to HPLC. The concept of TLC is simple and samples usually require only minimal pretreatment. TLC can be used to monitor the progress of a reaction, identify compounds present in a given substance. TLC is also used to separate the identical compounds in a mixture. Many standard methods in industrial chemistry, environmental toxicology, food chemistry, water, inorganic and pesticide analysis, dye purity, cosmetics, plant materials, and herbal analysis rely upon TLC as the preferred approach....
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Posted by admin on Feb 1, 2011 in |
Ayurveda is time-tested science of treating disease with natural things like plant, animals and minerals. It remains one of the most ancient and yet living traditions practised widely in India, Sri Lanka and other countries and has a sound philosophical and experiential basis. Plumbago zeylanica is commonly known as white chitraka, belongs to family plumbaginaceae. It is distributed as a weed throughout the tropical and subtropical countries of the world. It is a perennial sub-scandent shrub, grows throughout India, especially in Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, South India and Sri Lanka, in moist places. Traditionally it is used as a stimulant, digestant, expectorant, laxative, abortifacient and in the treatment of muscular pain and rheumatic disease. So the objective of the present review is to highlight the phytochemical and pharmacological information of this...
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