Posted by admin on Aug 1, 2011 in |
Artemisinin and its derivatives have successfully been used in treatment of falciparum malaria infections in various parts of the world. More importantly, they have proved effective against strains resistant to conventional antimalarials such as chloroquine and mefloquine in those parts of the world where malaria is endemic. Only one clinically relevant artemisinin-resistant human malaria has been reported recently in South East Asia, although there are reports published on development of the rodent malaria parasite strains resistant to the drug earlier. This article reviews the implications of combination therapy on the pharmacokinetics and hence clinical efficacy of Artemisinins using relevant and published papers. It gives detailed account on the general chemistry and mechanism of action of the parent compound Artemisinin before considering its pharmacokinetics. Artemisinin-based combination treatments (ACTs) are now generally accepted as the best treatment options for uncomplicated falciparum malaria. They are rapidly and reliably effective. The article would focus on combination therapy & its implication on the pharmacokinetics & clinical efficacy of artemisinin & its derivatives and also...
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Posted by admin on Aug 1, 2011 in |
The objective of this review is to form a short compilation of phytochemical screening, pharmacological activity and some analytical methods available for Sapindus mukorossi plant. Although the plant is of importance in Ayurvedic system of medicine mainly as cleansing agent, a review article based on the phytochemical and pharmacological screening of Sapindus mukorossi is not so far reported. The main phytoconstituent isolated and identified from different parts of this plant are triterpenoidal saponins of oleanane, dammarane and tirucullane type. The structure and chemical name of the all the types of triterpenoidal saponins reported in Sapindus mukorossi is included in this review. Many research studies have been conducted to prove the plant’s potential as spermicidal, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-protozoal etc. This review focuses on the phytochemistry and pharmacological actions of Sapindus...
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Posted by admin on Aug 1, 2011 in |
Plants and there preparations have been used as medicine since ancient time. The Ayurveda and various ancient Indian literatures have evidence the use of plants for various disorders. Acalypha indica L is an erect annual herb with numerous long branches covered with soft hairs. According to the Siddha text, ‘Pathartha Guna Chinthamani’ (Page no: 179), Acalypha cures diseases of the teeth and gums, burns, toxins of Plant and mixed origin, stomach pain, diseases due to Pitha, bleeding piles, irritations, stabbing pain, wheezing, sinusitis and neutralizes predominance of the Kabha factor. In the traditional medicine the preparations from whole plants have been used to counter various diseases and disorders. The present review is therefore, an effort to give a detailed survey of the literature on its pharamacognosy, phytochemistry, pharmacological and traditional...
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Posted by admin on Aug 1, 2011 in |
Microemulsions are clear, stable, isotropic mixtures of oil, water and surfactant, frequently in combination with a cosurfactant. Microemulsions act as potential drug carrier systems for oral, topical, and parenteral administration. They offer the advantage of spontaneous formation, ease of manufacturing and scale-up, thermodynamic stability, and improved drug solubilization and bioavailability. Preparing a pharmaceutically acceptable dosage form demands a clear understanding of the micro-emulsion structure, phase behavior, factors leading to its thermodynamic stability and the potential uses and limitations of the microemulsion system. Knowledge of the various methods available to thoroughly characterize a microemulsion system is essential. While microemulsion is used in several fields, in this review the pharmaceutical applications are emphasized. Several references are cited, but the list is by no means exhaustive. The review is written so that a newcomer to the field can easily grasp the important facts pertaining to this novel delivery...
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Posted by admin on Aug 1, 2011 in |
After more than a century, tuberculosis (TB) is still a formidable public health challenge as it contributes considerably to illness and death worldwide, irrespective of continuous advancement in technology and in depth understanding of molecular biology concepts. Mycobacterium tuberculosis persist for longer period in human and animal host in latent state without causing active disease and may reactivate soon after immunity declines. Today’s chemotherapy is lengthy as well as ineffective to control tuberculosis. Moreover, in the absence of fundamental biological understanding of mycobacterial persistence, significant pathogen driven factors and validated animal models, shortening the duration of anti-tuberculosis therapy remains a distant goal. Subsequently, molecular signaling proteins which serve as potential targets should be explored and explicated to limit mycobacterial growth. This review focuses on mechanisms of mycobacterial persistence, various models of latent tuberculosis, identification of crucial gene targets, vaccination and therapeutic approaches to target latent tuberculosis...
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