Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2024 in |
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a widespread and lethal cancer type that affects people worldwide. Growth factor signalling pathways are critical in non-alcoholic fatty acid liver disease (NAFLD) and HCC as they activate a cascade of events that disrupt normal liver function. Therefore, these pathways offer a promising therapeutic strategy for NAFLD associated HCC. Several studies have found that fibroblast growth factor (FGF) levels are increased in patients with HCC. The FGF family comprises 22 proteins that can be classified as paracrine, intracrine, or endocrine factors. Most FGFs transmit signals through transmembrane tyrosine kinase FGF receptors. The main FGF in HCC progression includes: FGF8, FGF19 and FGF21, holds potential for HCC treatment. The FGF inhibitors: Lenvatinib, H3B-6527, BLU9931, CXF-009 and FGF401 have shown promising effects, yet our knowledge against HCC is limited. This review summarizes recent research in types of FGF, FGF signalling and FGF inhibitors as therapeutic targets in HCC....
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Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2024 in |
Mitochondria, renowned as the cell’s “powerhouse,” plays a pivotal role in cellular metabolism, influencing various physiological and pathological processes, including cancer initiation and progression. This review delves into the significance of mitochondrial enzymes, specifically Succinate Dehydrogenase (SDH) and Cytochrome c Oxidase (CcO), in cancer biology. Alterations in these enzymes’ activity and expression levels are associated with changes in cellular energetics, oxidative stress and apoptotic pathways, contributing to tumorigenesis. Mutations in SDH subunits are linked to various cancers, particularly paraganglioma, and pheochromocytoma, while decreased CcO activity correlates with cancer development and progression. Experimental evidence, including studies on DBN-treated mice, demonstrates a significant decrease in SDH and CcO activities in cancerous tissues compared to controls, underscoring their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. The review also discusses challenges and future directions in utilizing these mitochondrial enzymes as cancer biomarkers, emphasizing the need for further research to enhance their clinical applicability. In conclusion, understanding the roles of SDH and CcO in cancer metabolism offers promising avenues for advancing cancer diagnostics and...
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Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2024 in |
All three versatile heterocyclic compounds (PCB) are majorly contributing to the field of medicine due to their unique medicinal activities like antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, analgesic, anti-diabetic, anti-viral, anti-ulcer, anti-HIV, and as an anti-protozoal agent (Fig. 1). Many novel PCB analogs are already being used commercially as medicines. Further, the structure-activity relationship and the recent medicinal significance of all three (pyrimidine, coumarin, and benzimidazole) derivatives were discussed. Finally, this comprehensive update may attract synthetic chemists and biologists for further design and development of a novel...
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Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2024 in |
Look-alike ampoules of tranexamic acid and local anaesthetic heavy bupivacaine are available, leading to accidental administration. We aimed to investigate India-specific incidents of intrathecal tranexamic acid (TXA) administration during spinal anaesthesia to identify manufacturing issues. Our secondary aim was to determine the availability of any national drug error reporting and monitoring system for hospitals in India. The author investigated published ten reports (11 patients) from India of TXA administration intrathecally in place of heavy bupivacaine. In all mistakes of look-like TXA and local anaesthetic (LA) (heavy 0.5% bupivacaine), ampoules were present in operating rooms. We found three manufacturers who designed, manufactured, and supplied identical TXA and heavy bupivacaine ampules. In addition, there was also a similarity of TXA and LA ampoules among different manufacturers. We searched PubMed and Google Scholar for any publication on India’s national medication error reporting system for hospitals. There was no publication on the national medication safety system involving hospitals. Our study shows intrathecal TXA errors occurred in east-to-west and north-to-south locations. However, there is...
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Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2024 in |
In this comprehensive review, the medicinal properties of Tulsi are thoroughly explored, highlighting its esteemed therapeutic uses that are widely regarded as safe, cost-effective and efficacious owing to its abundant availability. Tulsi a member of the genus Ocimum and a revered medicinal plant native to India has garnered significant recognition and reverence for its profound healing capabilities across generations. Its roots, leaves, and seeds boast a diverse array of medicinal properties, offering a broad spectrum of benefits to human health. Renowned for its anti-aging, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties, Tulsi has earned the esteemed title of the ‘Queen of Herbs’ in India symbolizing its paramount importance in traditional Ayurvedic and Unani medicinal practices. Characterized by its distinct square stem and aromatic essence, Tulsi holds a prominent place in Ayurvedic medicine with its extracts frequently utilized in remedies for ailments ranging from common colds and headaches to gastrointestinal disorders, cardiovascular ailments, poisoning, and even...
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