Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2025 in |
Sexual and reproductive health (SRH) is a critical component of public health, particularly for refugee populations who experience heightened vulnerabilities due to forced displacement, inadequate healthcare infrastructure, cultural barriers, and restrictive host-country policies. This review examines the complex barriers affecting refugees’ access to SRH services, categorizing them into structural and logistical constraints, socio-cultural determinants, and economic and policy-related challenges. The findings reveal significant gaps in family planning and contraceptive utilization, often influenced by misinformation, partner opposition, and limited contraceptive availability. Additionally, the review evaluates the role of humanitarian interventions, including the Minimum Initial Service Package (MISP) and community-based SRH programs, in addressing both immediate and long-term healthcare needs. Case studies of successful interventions, such as refugee-led family planning initiatives in Guinea and integrated SRH service models in Bangladesh and Lebanon, demonstrate the efficacy of community engagement, policy reform, and improved coordination among stakeholders in enhancing SRH outcomes. The review underscores the urgent need for sustainable healthcare solutions, advocating for the integration of refugees into national healthcare systems, expansion of...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2025 in |
Osteoporosis is a Skeletal condition that generally develops with aging. The primary osteoporosis is more prevalent in women after menopause which is known as postmenopausal osteoporosis, and it also happens after the age of 75. Secondary osteoporosis is brought on by long-term usage of drugs like glucocorticoids or chronic underlying illnesses. Oral GC use ranges from 0.5 to 0.9% in the community, and it rises to 2.7% among women over 50 years. The key mechanisms by which glucocorticoids directly affect bone formation involve the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway and the activation of PPAR-γ. Moreover, glucocorticoids directly contribute to bone resorption by encouraging the production of RANKL, M-CSF and reducing the synthesis of osteoprotegerin ligand by osteocytes and osteoblastic cells. First-line treatments for osteoporosis include weight-bearing physical activity, exercise, and exercises that help with posture and balance, as well as a diet high in calcium and vitamin D, stopping smoking, and consuming alcohol in moderation. Certain medications are required in the second phase such as anabolic, anti-resorptive, and combination drugs. Medicinal...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2025 in |
The aim of the study is to evaluate the prevalence and impact of advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of Adenosine Deaminase Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (ADA-SCID) and propose novel strategies for improved management and therapeutic outcomes. A comprehensive review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines, focusing on advancements in ADA-SCID. Gene variant data were analysed using databases like dbSNP and ClinVar, with pathogenicity assessed using tools such as SIFT and PolyPhen. The methodology includes a comprehensive review of studies from 1970–2024 was performed, emphasizing diagnostics (e.g., TREC screening, genomic sequencing) and therapies (e.g., enzyme replacement therapy, HSCT, and gene therapy). The study highlighted the pathogenic variants of the ADA gene contributing to ADA-SCID, diagnostic challenges, and the associated vaccination risks. Current therapeutic approaches, including enzyme replacement therapy, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and gene therapy, were reviewed, emphasizing their benefits and limitations. Novel therapies, such as CRISPR-Cas9 base editing, in-utero stem cell transplantation, and iPSC-derived treatments, demonstrated promising potential for future management of ADA-SCID. The review consolidates insights into ADA-SCID...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2025 in |
Andrographolides are bioactive compounds derived from the plant Andrographis paniculata that have gained attention for their potential as an immune modulator. Research indicates that andrographolides exhibit anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties. It can enhance the activity of immune cells, such as macrophages and T lymphocytes, and modulate cytokine production, which helps balance immune responses. Clinical studies suggest that andrographolides may be beneficial in treating respiratory infections, reducing inflammation, and potentially providing protective effects against autoimmune conditions. Andrographolides have been shown to inhibit key inflammatory pathways, including the NF-κB, MAPK, and STAT3 signalling pathways, which play crucial roles in the immune response. Andrographolides have been studied in combination with conventional chemotherapy drugs, showing a synergistic effect that enhances the efficacy of chemotherapy while reducing side effects. While results are promising, more extensive clinical trials are necessary to establish its effectiveness and safety for long-term use. Andrographolides show potential as a natural immune-supportive agent, warranting further exploration in integrative health...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2025 in |
Pharmaceutical technology has been using artificial intelligence more and more in recent years. This technology can help save time, money and also very helpful while improving understanding of the links between various formulation and process parameters. To tackle both specific and complex issues, artificial intelligence (AI) leverages human knowledge and gains knowledge from the solutions it generates. Drug development could undergo a revolution thanks to remarkable increases in processing capacity and advances in artificial intelligence. Reduced efficiency and rising R&D expenditures are currently making it difficult for the pharmaceutical industry to continue its medication development programs. Artificial intelligence (AI) has been used more and more in many facets of society, but especially in the pharmaceutical business. The use of AI in several areas of the pharmaceutical business, such as clinical trials, medication repurposing, drug discovery and development, and increasing pharmaceutical production, is highlighted in this article. Moreover, AI boost clinical trials process by identifying suitable candidates and predicting treatment outcomes and maximised efficiency and accuracy. In personalized medicine, AI...
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