Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2023 in |
Drug discovery is a process that aims at identifying a compound therapeutically useful in curing and treating disease. This process involves the identification of candidates, synthesis, characterization, validation, optimization, screening, and assays for therapeutic efficacy. Once a compound has shown its significance in these investigations, it will initiate the drug development process earlier to clinical trials. The new drug development process must continue through several stages to make a safe, effective medicine that has approved all regulatory requirements. One overall theme of our article is that the process is sufficiently long, complex, and expensive, so many biological targets must be considered for every new medicine ultimately approved for clinical use, and new research tools may be needed to investigate each new target. From initial discovery to a marketable medicine is a long, challenging task. It takes about 12 – 15 years from discovery to the approved medication and requires an investment of about USD 1 billion. This article outlines the processes of new drug discovery and...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2023 in |
Despite the considerable advancement in medical sciences and allopathic medicines, the use of complementary and alternative medicines has dramatically increased worldwide. Bacopa monnieri is one of the most important and highly studied medicinal plants that is being used as an ayurvedic or ethnomedicine for thousands of years. It improves intelligence rejuvenation and treats mental illness, fever, a blood disorder, anemia, etc. The main phytoconstituents of B. monnieri have been reported as alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, and glycosides, including various sterols and potassium salts. The plant possesses multiple pharmacological properties, such as memory enhancer, anti-depressant, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, gastroprotective, anxiolytic, hepato-protective, anti-cancer, anti-hyperglycemic, antimicrobial, etc. The pharmacological properties of the plant can be attributed to the presence of saponin-bacoside. The formulations of this plant are used for clinical applications by numerous research groups and pharmaceutical companies worldwide, including in Asia, Australia, and the United States of America. Considering the importance of the plant, the present review summarizes the ethnomedicinal and pharmacological activities of B. monnieri, which may help in exploring the untapped...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2023 in |
Ophthalmic drug delivery is greatly onerous for a better remedial response in any type of disease state for instance, conjunctivitis, more commonly published as pinkeye, is an inflammation of the conjunctiva, a clear membrane that envelopes the outmost lamina of the eye and the inside surface of the eyelids. Usually, conjunctivitis is of the following classes depending on their origins of contagion as like (Allergic conjunctivitis, viral conjunctivitis, Bacterial conjunctivitis, and Irritant and Chemical conjunctivitis). It possibly will cause a number of symptoms grounded on their causative reason, for example Itchiness, body aches, sensitiveness to light, uneasiness in the eye, redness of the eye or inward eyelids, discharge as well as tearness. Discharge may give rise to eyelids crusting and stick together while sleeping and swelling of the...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2023 in |
Background: Vitamin D is a lipid-soluble vitamin that plays an important role in maintaining calcium and phosphorus homeostasis and promoting bone metabolism. It sustains normal values of calcium and phosphorus in the systemic circulation. If the exogenous calcium sources are insufficient, vitamin D together with the parathyroid hormone (PTH) will direct part of the bone calcium. Circulating serum 1, 25(OH)2 D gradually increases during the 1st and 2nd trimesters, owing to an increase in Vitamin D-binding protein concentrations in the maternal circulation. However, it is the free levels of 1, 25(OH)2 D, which are actually responsible for enhancing transport of calcium across the placenta. Hormonal changes initiated even before conception significantly alter maternal biochemistry early in pregnancy. Steroid hormones, peptide hormones and prostaglandins interact to expand blood and plasma volume and modulate the maternal capacity to supply energy and nutrients to the fetoplacental...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2023 in |
Multifunctional, versatile materials with multiple dendrimer branches have myriad binding sites and are in high demand for their drug binding, loading potential, and coatings. Dendrimers are among the latest generations of nano-systems that are potential drug carriers. Dendrimer chemistry is one of modern chemistry’s most captivating and fastest-growing areas. Dendrimer research has grown exponentially in recent decades, from synthesis to application. The distinctive structural features of dendrimers include their nanoscopic size, multi-functionalized surface, strong branching, cavernous interior, etc., which makes dendrimers themselves ideal drug carriers. Dendrimer provides a unique platform for drug attachment that can bind and release drugs through several mechanisms. Developing new smart materials and tracking their structural potential have been focused on curing disease. Other applications, such as catalyzing biomolecules like proteins and selective API pharmaceuticals of toxic metals, dyes, and pesticides, have been thrust research areas in materials and pharmaceutical sciences. In recent years Dendrimers have received significant consideration as drug delivery carriers. As a drug delivery agent, Dendrimer is a promising, safe, and selective...
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