Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2025 in |
Drug delivery refers to administering pharmacological substances for therapeutic purposes. The pharmaceutical sector is rapidly evolving, exploring various dosage and administration methods, including targeted immunotherapies, which often require innovative excipients. The choice of excipients significantly affects drug characteristics like onset of action, bioavailability, and stability. This review focuses on diversifying pharmaceutical excipients, particularly highlighting multifunctional excipients derived from natural sources, including marine and animal origins, due to their non-toxic, biocompatible, and cost-effective properties. In light of the complexity of drug formulations, it emphasises the growing need for innovative excipients. Additionally, covered in the review are excipient classifications, their functions in drug delivery systems, safety profiles, regulatory concerns, potential interactions, new market entrants, and selection criteria. In conclusion, a thorough review of excipients in drug delivery systems is given in this...
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Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2025 in |
Nanoparticles have gained significant attention in various scientific and industrial field due to their unique physical, chemical and biological properties. The method of nanoparticle synthesis plays a crucial role in determining their size, shape, stability and functional efficiency. This review provides a detailed comparative analysis of various nanoparticle preparation method, primarily focusing on top-down and bottom-up approaches. Top-down methods such as laser ablation, ball milling offers past production and high purity; however, they often lack precise control over particle size. Bottom-up approaches, including sol-gel, spinning, biological synthesis employing plant extracts, bacteria and fungi has emerged as an eco-friendly and cost-effective alternative, although achieving consistent yield and particle size remain as challenge. This review highlights the advantages, limitations of each synthesis. The study also emphasizes the importance of selecting an appropriate synthesis technique based on the intended application and desired nanoparticle properties. Additionally, recent advancements in nanoparticle preparation and future directions of sustainable and large-scale productions are discussed. This comparative overview aims to assist researchers in selecting the most effective...
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Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2025 in |
Colchicine, a centuries-old anti-inflammatory agent derived from the autumn crocus, has garnered renewed interest in cardiovascular medicine due to its unique pharmacological properties. This review examines the evolution, clinical applications, and controversies surrounding colchicine in cardiovascular care. Beginning with a historical overview, the authors delve into its pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, emphasizing its inhibition of microtubule assembly and reduction of neutrophil and inflammasome activation. The authors elucidated its molecular mechanisms, highlighting its anti-inflammatory effects and role in reducing atherosclerosis, plaque instability, and thrombotic events. Clinical applications are extensively reviewed, showcasing colchicine’s efficacy in preventing recurrent cardiovascular events after myocardial infarction, mitigating inflammation, and reducing the incidence of atrial fibrillation. Strategies for monitoring efficacy and safety, including key biomarkers predicting patient response, are explored. Pivotal trials, such as COLCOT, LoDoCo2, COPS, and COP-AF, are analyzed, demonstrating significant reductions in adverse cardiovascular events and highlighting colchicine’s emerging role in the management of hypertension. Despite its therapeutic promise, controversies persist regarding colchicine’s efficacy in perioperative atrial fibrillation and its side effects, such as...
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Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2025 in |
Coleus forskohlii (syn. Plectranthus barbatus), a medicinal plant from the Lamiaceae family, has been traditionally used in Ayurvedic medicine. Its primary bioactive compound, forskolin, a labdane diterpene, is known for its metabolic and weight management effects. Forskolin activates adenylate cyclase, increasing cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels, which regulate lipid metabolism, thermogenesis, and energy expenditure. This review compiles information from databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, and Research Gate. Preclinical studies suggest that C. forskohlii extract (CFE) reduces body weight, adiposity, and dyslipidemia in obese models, while clinical trials indicate its potential to prevent weight gain and improve body composition. Beyond weight management, forskolin shows promise in glaucoma, and metabolic disorders. Safety studies confirm CFE has low toxicity, with no significant adverse effects observed. Forskolin also influences hormone regulation and smooth muscle relaxation, contributing to its therapeutic applications. To establish the long-term efficacy and safety of forskolin, large scale placebo-controlled trials are required. This review highlights the pharmacological applications, mechanisms, and safety of C. forskohlii, emphasizing its potential as...
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Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2025 in |
Acne vulgaris is a prevalent skin condition that affects millions globally, with significant physical, emotional, and social impacts. In spite of the accessibility of various therapeutic options, treatment efficacy remains limited due to issues such as drug resistance, side effects, and poor skin penetration. Recent advancements in nanotechnology have led to the development of innovative drug delivery systems, including nanoemulgel formulations, which offer enhanced therapeutic outcomes for Acne vulgaris. Nanoemulgels combine the benefits of both nanoemulsions and gel-based systems, providing improved skin penetration, sustained drug release, and targeted delivery to the affected areas. This review explores the mechanisms of Acne vulgaris, its pathophysiology, and the current therapeutic strategies, with a particular focus on nanoparticle-based treatments. The use of nanoparticles for drug delivery, especially in the form of nanoemulgels, offers promising solutions to the limitations of conventional treatments. This paper also discusses the sociological implications of acne, the challenges in patient compliance, and the future scope of nanoemulgel formulations in acne therapy. Finally, it highlights the potential of these advanced...
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