Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2025 in |
Cisplatin is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent. It is highly effective against various malignancies but is often limited by its severe toxic effects, including nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and ototoxicity. Oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis are key mechanisms underlying cisplatin-induced organ damage. In recent years, medicinal herbs have gained attention as potential protective agents due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective properties. These investigations will contribute to a deeper understanding of how these herbal treatments can effectively interact at the molecular level, potentially improving therapeutic outcomes for patients suffering from the adverse effects of cisplatin on kidney...
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Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2025 in |
Raft-forming drug delivery systems (RF-DDS) are a novel approach within gastro-retentive drug delivery systems (GRDDS), designed to enhance therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance. These systems form a gel-like raft that floats on gastric contents, offering prolonged retention, localized drug delivery, and reduced systemic side effects. RF-DDS have been particularly effective in managing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcers, and Helicobacter pylori infections. The core mechanism involves effervescence and gelation, where polymers like sodium alginate interact with gastric fluids and cross-linking agents, forming a robust, floating gel matrix. Effervescent agents provide buoyancy, while cross-linkers stabilize the raft structure. Advantages of RF-DDS include localized drug action, sustained release, acid reflux prevention, and enhanced patient compliance. Applications extend to GERD management, ulcer healing, and targeted drug delivery for gastric conditions, with a growing emphasis on antibiotics, proton pump inhibitors, and anti-inflammatory agents. Despite their potential, challenges like formulation stability, interpatient variability, and complex manufacturing processes must be addressed. Future directions in RF-DDS development include smart polymers, nanotechnology integration, and personalized medicine. These...
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Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2025 in |
Ocular in-situ gel systems are an improvised formulation in ocular drug administration, successfully addressing the limitations of standard eye drop formulations, such as low bioavailability and the necessity for frequent dosing. This review focuses on the formulation strategies, working mechanisms, and therapeutic applications of these gels in enhancing treatment outcomes. These systems rely on intelligent polymers that respond to physiological signals such as in temperature, pH, or ionic concentrations in the eye, convert from sol-to-gel, allowing for regulated release and prolonged drug residence time. The review delves into different polymer types, methods for drug incorporation, and factors that affect gelation behaviour. It also examines the latest developments limits that exist now and potential paths for the field. Special attention is given to preclinical and clinical evidence supporting the ability of in-situ gels to boost drug effectiveness, minimize adverse effects, and increase patient adherence. Overall, this detailed overview highlights the crucial role of ocular in-situ gels in the evolution of ophthalmic drug delivery...
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Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2025 in |
The receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) and its ligands, particularly advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), serve as a crucial molecular link between diabetes and breast cancer. Chronic hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in diabetes promote excessive AGE formation, which, upon binding to RAGE, triggers inflammatory and oncogenic signaling cascades, including NF-κB, PI3K/Akt, MAPK, and JAK/STAT pathways. These pathways drive oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), fostering a tumor-promoting microenvironment. In breast cancer, sustained RAGE activation enhances cancer cell proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and immune evasion while also contributing to therapy resistance. Additionally, metabolic reprogramming associated with diabetes, such as the Warburg effect and increased insulin/IGF-1 signaling, synergizes with RAGE-mediated tumor progression. The persistent activation of the AGE-RAGE axis creates a self-sustaining loop of inflammation and oxidative stress, exacerbating both metabolic dysfunction and tumorigenesis. Understanding the intricate crosstalk between diabetes and breast cancer through this axis highlights the potential of targeting RAGE as a novel therapeutic strategy for managing both conditions. This review explores the molecular mechanisms underpinning the AGE-RAGE...
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Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2025 in |
Nuclear medicine is a branch of medicine that evaluates body functioning and diagnosis and treats the disease by using radiopharmaceuticals or radio tracers. 131-iodine was the first commercially used nuclear medicine for the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid disease. Nuclear medicine emits alpha, beta (ß- and ß+) and gamma rays, which are used for the diagnosis and treatment. Nuclear imaging studies can provide early and accurate diagnosis of cancer, many infections like diabetic foot osteomyelitis, vertebral osteomyelitis, endovascular graft infection, prosthetic joint infection and also for fever of unknown origin. PET and SPECT are techniques used for the diagnosis. Now a days hybrid technology PET/CT and SPECT/CT are used for the diagnosis. Different PET agents like Fluorine 18, Gallium 68, Carbon 11, Oxygen-15, Zirconium-89, Copper-64, Iodine-124 etc., are use for the diagnosis. SPECT agents like Technetium-99m, Thallium-201, Iodine-123 etc., are used for the diagnosis of the disease. Nuclear medicine used for the imaging of brain, myocardial perfusion, thyroid, parkinson’s disease, alzheimer’s disease, fever of unknown region, endovascular graft infection,...
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