Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2022 in |
The epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical capabilities, diagnosis and scientific route of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the function of disorder-editing anti-rheumatic tablets (DMARDs) in its remedy are reviewed. RA, a giant disorder affecting humans of all races and sexes around the sector, has an unknown and perhaps multifactorial etiology. Conflicting proof supports RA’s immune-complex, infectious, metabolic, or genetic foundation. The sickness impacts arthrodial joints and starts as an immune reaction to unknown antigenic stimuli. A proliferative process ensues, leading to the formation of a vascular lesion referred to as a pannus, which then infiltrates into cartilage, subchondral bone, and tendon. This detrimental segment ends in traditional RA signs of pain, the predicament of motion, swelling, warmth, and redness of the affected joint. Symptoms and laboratory checks form the basis for prognosis. For maximum RA sufferers, a conservative remedy presents a significant advantage. More competitive intervention is vital to prevent everlasting incapacity in those sufferers who suffer from unrelenting and regularly negative sickness. The DMARDs are reserved for treatment of this institution...
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Posted by admin on May 31, 2022 in |
As new treatments and medication are growing rapidly, neurologists are also toward expanding treating patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease and facing questions regarding cannabis as a treatment elective, particularly for levodopa-safe Parkinson’s symptoms. Cannabinoids compounds like delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and Cannabidiol (CBD) are the most abundant chemicals present. Whereas THC is psychotropic chemical that tends to cause individuals to feel “high,” while CBD is no psychotropic chemical. Nonetheless, other than cannabis, plant cannabinoids are also produced by the mammalian body, called endocannabinoids. Endocannabinoids are neurotransmitters that bind to cannabinoid receptors and cannabinoid receptor proteins expressed throughout the central nervous system, including the brain and peripheral nervous system. So, these endocannabinoid receptors can be of two types cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) and cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2R), which are G-protein coupled receptors. The first receptor, CB1R receptors are particularly abundant in the hippocampus, frontal cortex, basal ganglia, hypothalamus and cerebellum, spinal cord and peripheral nervous system. They can also be found in inhibitory GABA-ergic neurons and excitatory glutamatergic neurons. Whereas CB2R receptor...
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Posted by admin on May 31, 2022 in |
Parkinson’s disease is the second most common progressive, age-linked neurodegenerative disorder. The sporadic form of the disease is usually idiopathic, where mitochondrial dysfunction is its major hallmark. Mitochondria are multifunctional dynamic organelles that carry out major cellular functions that get damaged by reactive oxygen species, deposition of lewy bodies, dopaminergic neuronal cell death, mitochondrial DNA mutations, and imbalance in fission/fusion that ultimately weakens mitophagy. In this review, the updated key roles and mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction structurally and functionally in the pathogenesis of sporadic Parkinson’s disease are discussed to understand the process of neurodegeneration. Research Data from numerous studies confirm mitochondrial dysfunction being the Basis of the disease. Here, we briefly bring the overview of illicit drug administration, oxidative stress, mitochondrial DNA mutations, mitochondrial genome mutations, alpha-synuclein aggregation, mitochondrial dynamics-fission and fusion, and the impairment of mitophagy in the disease pathogenesis. In conclusion, understanding mitochondrial dysfunction and its pathways can be a major target in treatment and prevention of Parkinson’s...
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Posted by admin on May 31, 2022 in |
The concept of Quality by Design reflects current global regulatory thinking related to pharmaceutical products. The pharmaceutical industry needs to improve its performance. Newer technologies need to be implemented that can effectively reduce the cost and, at the same time, improves product quality. Quality by design (QbD) is the best solution to build quality in all pharmaceutical products. The main objective of QbD is to ensure the quality product resulting from a combination of prior knowledge and new estimation during development. QbD is being widely promoted by the food and drug administration (FDA) and the international conference on Harmony (ICH). Quality by design (QbD) in the pharmacy field is mainly based on the understanding of how materials and process parameters affect the quality profile of final products. In this article, the key elements of QbD viz., Target product quality profile, Critical quality attributes, Risk assessment, Design space, and Control strategy are discussed to understand the performance of dosage forms within the design space. Tools of QbD (DoE, Quality risk...
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Posted by admin on May 31, 2022 in |
Oroxylum indicum (O. indicum), commonly known as the Indian trumpet tree, belonging to the family Bignoniaceae, is a medicinally important, small, or medium-sized plant used to treat various diseases and also has its importance in the traditional system of medicine. Various parts of the plant have been proved to possess useful pharmacological activities. It is native to the Indian subcontinent, extending to Sri Lanka, China, and Malaysia. A variety of experimental studies has been performed both in-vitro and in-vivo to determine the various uses of the plant. Also, various important chemical constituents have been isolated, which act as a source of medicinally important compounds. Flavonoids, the most abundant and important constituents, are found in almost all parts of the plant. Several studies have been performed to reveal information on O. indicum. The aim of writing this review is to compile information from published materials on various aspects of the...
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