Posted by admin on Feb 29, 2020 in |
Bacteriophages are particular infective agents of diverse bacteria. They are separated into different groups according to their life cycle. The lytic phages kill their host cells; this property can be applied for the selective elimination of pathogenic bacteria. The first bacteriophage treatment was described one hundred years ago, and phage therapy had been extensively used until the Second World War. Upon the appearance of antibiotics, the medical application of phages retrograded in most parts of the world. In the last decades, owing to the costs of development of new antibiotics and the rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria, this old approach was revitalized and phage-based treatment was legalized from the middle of the last decade. Here, they summarize the current knowledge on phage therapy, its advantages and potential drawbacks. The current status of phage therapy against food-borne, animal and human pathogens is also presented. Among these, special focus is set on phages E. Amy of Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes. Phage cocktails against Listeria monocytogenes and E. amylovora...
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Posted by admin on Feb 29, 2020 in |
The aim of a pharmaceutical product is to obtain excellent therapeutic and favorable treatment. Controlled drug release coatings have been around for more than 50 years and their performance has increased significantly since the beginning. The main drawbacks of the controlled drug delivery system are its poor bioavailability, high-dose requirements, adverse side effects, low therapeutic indices, development of multiple drug resistance, and non-specific targeting. To overcome this disadvantage, the researcher focused on controlled drug delivery system Injectable hydrogels. It is an emerging trend in the field of biomaterial drug delivery systems. Injectable Hydrogel overcomes the limitation of a pre-formed hydrogel, as they are injected with minimum invasive procedure into target sites and used for irregularly shaped sites. The recent studies of injectable hydrogels for the drug delivery applications suggested that multi-functional injectable hydrogels are capable of entrapping and systematically delivering the multiple therapeutic agents like drugs and macromolecules. The Injectable hydrogel shows shear thinning property when injected into the body. In this review, various aspects of Injectable hydrogel like introduction, Properties,...
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Posted by admin on Feb 29, 2020 in |
In the present work, temperature/pH-sensitive copolymer beads of chitosan (CS) coated sodium alginate/xanthan gum grafted N, N’-methylenediacrylamide have been synthesized by free radical polymerization in an atmosphere of nitrogen using AIBN/Fe2+ redox pair initiator and Tetramethylethylenediamine (TEMED) as a catalyst followed by simple ionotropic gelation technique. These beads were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) Energy-dispersive X-ray spectra (EDS) and X-ray diffraction measurements (X-RD). DSC and X-RD studies reveal the molecular dispersion of Chlorthalidone (CT) drugs. Swelling and drug release behaviors of these beads were investigated in simulated intestinal fluid (pH 7.4) and gastric fluid (pH 2.0) at 37 ºC. Results illustrated that both the swelling and degradation of the optimized beads were influenced by the pH of the test medium, which might be suitable for intestinal drug delivery. The release mechanism was analyzed by fitting the release data into the Korsmeyer-Peppas...
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Posted by admin on Feb 29, 2020 in |
Floating drug delivery system comes with the advantage of sustained release of drugs over a prolonged period of time thereby maximizing the oral absorption of drugs with narrow absorption window, it overcomes the challenges of conventional oral drug delivery system. The aim of the present work was to develop a novel floating in-situ gelling system for sustained drug delivery of Clarithromycin for stomach ulcer. The in-situ gelling system were prepared by dissolving different concentrations of gelling polymers like sodium alginate, gellan gum in deionized water at 70 °C. After cooling to 40 °C fixed amount of drug, CaCO3 and released retardant polymer xanthan gum were dispersed with continuous stirring. All formulations showed pH in the range of 6.72 to 7.25, drug content was found to be in the range of 86.66% to 96.66%, floating lag time was <2 min, duration of floating was >12 h for all the formulations. It was observed that viscosity of solution increases with an increase in polymer concentration. In-vitro drug release was found to...
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Posted by admin on Feb 29, 2020 in |
A stability-indicating RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of emtricitabine (EMT), tenofovir (TNF), cobicistat (COB) and elvitegravir (ELV) in solid dosage forms. The waters 2695, High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic system with column kromasil C18, 250 × 4.6 mm, 5 µ. The detector used is PDA detector at 288 nm. The mobile phase used in this method is pH-3.5 phosphate buffer and acetonitrile in the ratio of 60:40% V/V. Flow rate used for this proposed method is 1.0 ml/min. The retention times observed are 2.304 min, 2.691 min, 3.185 min and 4.537 min for emtricitabine, tenofovir, cobicistat, and elvitegravir respectively. The linearity calculated was found to be within the range. The % recoveries for EMT, TNF, COB and ELV were within the acceptance criteria. These drugs were found to be stable at forced degradation studies and results are within the limits. The proposed method can be used for the quality control of the combination in the pharmaceutical dosage...
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