Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2020 in |
A biofilms are sessile aggregate mode of growth in some bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and algae which makes the microorganism tolerant to adverse environmental conditions biofilm-forming microorganism may possibly create conditions including native valve endocarditis, osteomyelitis, dental caries, middle ear infections, medical device-related infections, ocular implant infections and chronic lung infections in cystic fibrosis patients. In an attempt to control biofilm formation on the wall, the emulsion was developed and evaluated against the bacteria isolated from biofilm layers of walls. In the current study, emulsion (O/W) was developed using oil extracted from the leaves of a Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass), Eucalyptus globules and Azadirachta indica (neem) are used, which have antiseptic, antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidants and anti-diabetic activities. The emulsions were prepared in different ratios of oil and surfactant (Tween 80 and Tween 20) and evaluated for their mechanical and thermal stability. Transparent emulsion with a mean droplet diameter of 171 nm was obtained at a 6:4 ratio (v/v) of oil and surfactant and was found to be stable. This result was...
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Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2020 in |
Objective: The study was aimed to isolate the components from the methanolic extract of the root bark of Aphanamixis polystachya and to confirm their potential cytotoxicity of the methanolic extract, silver nanoparticles and silver nanosuspension of the root bark of A. polystachya. Method: Isolation from the methanolic extract of root barks of A. polystachya were performed using column chromatography technique. Cytotoxic activity on MCF-7 and MDA-MB cell lines by SRB Assay was conducted on silver nanosuspension of A. polystachya. Results: The components isolated from methanolic extract of root bark of A. Polystachya by column chromatography were confirmed as Rohituka 7, Rohituka 3, Amoorinin-3-o-α-l-Rhamnopyranosyl-(1à6)–β-D-Glucopyra-noside and 8- Methyl-7, 2׳,4׳-tri-O-Methylflavonone-5-O-α-L-Rhamnopyranosyl (1 4)-β-D- glucopyranosyl-(1 6)-β-D-glucopyranoside on the basis of IR, 1HNMR, 13C NMR and MS. The prepared silver nanosuspension, tested in concentrations ranging between 500-7.81 µM showed IC50 value at 0.58 µM in MCF-7 cell line, and IC50 in MDA-MB cell line being greater than 1000µM. Conclusion: Column chromatography of the methanolic extract of root barks of A. polystachya led to the isolation...
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Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2020 in |
Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death is distinctive of many ophthalmic disorders, such as glaucoma, optic neuropathies, and various retinovascular diseases. N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-type glutamate receptor (NMDAR)-mediated excitotoxicity is thought to be an important contributor to RGC death. Uninterrupted activation of a large number of NMDARs leads to increases in intracellular calcium loads, initiating a cascade of events that eventually result in apoptosis or necrosis. We aim to prevent or delay RGC death by an intervention involving lithium to afford neuroprotection of RGCs or neutralization of the deleterious effects of toxic factors. Existing reports highlight a range of lithium dosage applied from 7 to 21 days to promote the survival of RGCs damaged by optic nerve injury. Lithium was injected continuously for 7 days at a dose of 30, 50, and 70 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) to Wistar rats after injecting 20 mM NMDA intravitreally. Morphological changes observed by hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) staining along with measurement of the thickness of the inner retina (IR) , made up of...
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Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2020 in |
“Eat to live and don’t live to eat” this is a principle to be followed for a healthy and wealthy life. According to the therapeutic point of view, the patient who suffers from peptic ulcer diseases was shown to have a reduced secreted amount of HCl and pepsin. The management of gastric and duodenal ulcers can be followed by the decreased or neutralized level of gastric acid. Peptic ulcer influences up to 10% of the all-out total populace accordingly called chronic disease. Peptic ulcer arrangement relies on the lessening in the mucosal guards and on the nearness of the gastric juice pH. The two central points which disturb the mucosal protection from damage is the Helicobactor pylori (H. pylori) contamination and Non-steroidal calming drugs (NSAIDs). The valuable medicines of peptic ulcer are Proton pump inhibitors, Histamine-2 (H2) receptor antagonists, Antacids, Anticholinergics, Mucosal defensive agents, Bismuth compounds, Antimicrobial agents, and cholecystokinin-2-receptor antagonists drugs. The review contains the detailed study of H2 receptor antagonist drugs used as anti ulcers and the...
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Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2020 in |
Here, we report the in-vitro and in-vivo effects of Valspodar (PSC833), a second-generation mammalian efflux pump inhibitor on the susceptibility of methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive Staphylo-coccus aureus (MRSA and MSSA) towards two antibiotics, Oxacillin (OX) and Cefoxitin (FOX). Checkerboard microdilution assays revealed various degrees of strain-dependent synergy demonstrated in the form of major reductions in antibiotic Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) and Valspodar Minimum Effective Concentration (MEC). Fractional Inhibitory Concentration (FIC) for OX-PSC833 tested against MRSA and MSSA were 0.125 and 0.048, respectively, and for FOX-PSC833 was 0.5 for the MSSA. In-vivo studies showed that using a combination of an antibiotic and Valspodar to treat bacteremia induced by the different strains of S. aureus in a mouse model did not achieve complete killing of the MRSA strains, but resulted in a significant reduction in bacterial counts. MEC of PSC833 achieving synergy with antibiotics was as low as 5.2 µg/ml. Valspodar is a good candidate for antibiotic combination therapy at concentrations that are considered safe for human...
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