Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2022 in |
Angiotensin II from the renin-angiotensin system is proposed to be pro-inflammatory induces reactive oxygen species, nuclear factor kappa B. It sensitizes pain receptors to mediators of pain (via PGE2). ACEI block these actions increase endogenous opioids by inhibiting enzyme enkephalinase. Voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCC) causing calcium influx are involved in exocytosis of synaptic vesicle (glutamate, substance–P) post membrane depolarization while pain processing. N and T types of VGCC are implicated in the central sensitization of pain stimuli. The current study aims at evaluating the analgesic properties of trandolapril and nimodipine in mice. This was an experimental study. Twenty-four swiss albino mice were randomly divided into four groups. Reaction time was assessed on Eddy’s hot plate (±55°C) in trandolapril group (5mg/kg), Nimodipine group (2.5mg/kg) and compared with standard (tramadol 20mg/kg) and percentage change was evaluated at 30, 60, 90, 120 min. ANOVA did a statistical evaluation. A significant increase (p<0.05) in reaction time was seen in the trandolapril group at 60, 90,120 min whereas at 30, 60, 90,120 min in...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2022 in |
Introduction: The use of improper disposal methods for expired medicine is an emerging issue that is affecting the ecosystem, and misuse of expired medicines is potentially hazardous for public safety. Our study was aimed to assess the methods used by the registered pharmacist for disposing of the expired medicines in community pharmacies. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire-based cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at a community pharmacy from June to September 2020. Pharmacists were asked to answer a questionnaire by interview method, wherein their socio-demographic details were also captured during this study. Data was collected and analyzed by using Microsoft Excel. Results: 133 pharmacists participated in our study with 76% of response rate. In spite of adequate experience in pharmacy majority of pharmacists lacks the knowledge and awareness about the disposal methods. Our study found that 75% of pharmacists were not even aware of guidelines for the disposal of expired medicines. Due to unawareness of guidelines, 92% of the pharmacist thinks that their pharmaceutical waste disposal method is satisfactory and...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2022 in |
Valtrate is one of the major valepotriates reported from various species of the genus Valeriana. Aim of the present study was to develop and validate analytical method for quantification of valtrate in dried roots of Valeriana jatamansi and Valeriana pyrolaefolia, both members of family Valerianaceae. Acetonitrile and water (70:30) in isocratic mode were used with an aflow rate of 1.5 mL/min (at 254 nm) using Waters HPLC system. Valtrate elutes within 10 min. It has shown a linear range from 100-200 ng with a correlation coefficient of 0.999. The reverse phase HPLC method is simple, accurate, precise and can be used for estimation of valtrate in V. jatamansiand V. pyrolaefolia. The studies also show the variation of valtrate content in V. jatamansi, procured from market, wild and cultivated...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2022 in |
Molecular docking is one of the most utilized in silico techniques, which drastically reduces the cost and the time needed for the design of novel drugs. Recently, the tremendous growth of resolved crystallographic MAO-B structures, together with the rapidly rising computing power, has resulted in accelerated and moderately correct docking studies. However, initial validations of the docking protocols prior to virtual screening are required, considering the diverse set of scoring functions and the high number of crystallographic structures with different conformations. In this study, we conducted self- and cross-docking simulations of 21 highly resolute MAO-B receptors utilizing the docking software GOLD 5.3. The crystallographic structures with codes 1S3B, 3PO7, and 6FVZdemonstrated the most prominent ability to accommodate a chemically diverse set of ligands with good RMSD values. In some cases, higher enrichments were observed when rigid docking was carried out. The PDB code 1S3B demonstrated the highest modified enrichment value of 8.33. The latter structure could be further examined through ensemble and side-chain flexible dockings in order to obtain...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2022 in |
Background: Pomalidomide belongs to BCS class IV drug with low solubility and undergoes first-pass metabolism leads to reduced bioavailability of 15%. Objective: The current study aimed to develop pomalidomide Super saturable-SNEDDS to enhance solubility. Methods: Preliminary solubility studies were performed to identify oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant ratios. Pseudo tertiary phase diagram constructed to select the areas of nanoemulsion and based on monophasic region. Nineteen ratios were selected for drug loading study having oil: Smix ratio in 3:1, from which 15 formulations of pomalidomide SNEDDS were prepared with 4mg drug loading and screened for visual observation and turbidity measurement studies. These SNEDDS are further characterized for robustness, content of drug, entrapment efficiency, and in-vitro dissolution analysis. The optimized SNEDDS formulation was selected for screening of precipitation inhibitor by adding 2% precipitation inhibitors, and concentration-time profiles were studied under non-sink conditions from which best PI was selected and then in-vitro dissolution studies conducted for the super saturable SNEDDS (S-SNEDDS). The optimized final formulation S-SNEDDS with the highest drug release was analyzed...
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