Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2022 in |
Poultry products are a major source of animal protein in Ghana. However, disease outbreaks have constantly threatened increased poultry production in some regions of the country. The most common source of human salmonellosis is food of poultry origin. The evolution of resistant strains of Salmonella in natural environments and animal houses presents a serious public health concern. Fluoroquinolones such as ciprofloxacin have remained effective agents in managing salmonellosis and other gastrointestinal infections over the years. However, despite growing evidence on evolving antibiotic resistance in S. typhi, few studies have assessed the susceptibility of salmonella species to commercially marketed ciprofloxacin brands. This study thus sought to determine the susceptibility of S. typhi isolated from 25 poultry farms in the Ashanti region to commercially available ciprofloxacin brands on the Ghanaian market. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were carried out using a modified Kirby Bauer disk diffusion assay and MIC determination by micro-broth dilution. Of the 50 Salmonella typhi isolates, 20% (n=10/50) were susceptible to pure ciprofloxacin, while 58% (29/50) of the isolates were...
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Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2022 in |
Objective: Combretaceae, a large family, includes more valuable species that are used against many diseases and disorders along with cancer therapy. Cancer is a very common lethal disease throughout the world. Keeping this in view, two species are Combretum roxburghii Spreng and Terminalia catappa L. selected for present studies to provide baseline data for future formulation. Methods: Phytochemicals were detected in different extracts of experimental plants. The cytotoxicity was tested using a Brine shrimp assay. The presence of both total phenol and total tannin content was estimated by standard spectrophotometric methods. Results: Terminalia catappa L. showed the presence of a number of natural bioactive compounds than Combretum roxburghii Spreng. The lethality test indicated maximum in Combretum roxburghii Spreng. (leaf) in methanol extract and Terminalia catappa L. in acetone extract (leaf). The highest concentration of total phenol and tannin content was observed in Combretum roxburghii Spreng. Conclusion: Phytochemical test, cytotoxicity test, total phenol & tannin content indicated the pharmacological potential and preventive characters against cancer and formulation of future...
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Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2022 in |
Diabetes Mellitus, a chronic metabolic disorder, is prevalent all over the world nowadays. As a result, it is estimated that it can become an epidemic in some parts of the world soon. The number of affected people could be as double as that of the currently affected patients till the next decade. In order to fulfill the increasing demands of newer, safer, and more effective medications for treatment, prevention, diagnosis, and mitigation of this condition, companies all over the world are trying to introduce new medications in the market. Before entering the market, any new drug undergoes several clinical trials and tests to check and ensure its safety and efficacy. All the associated Adverse Drug Reactions are supervised and monitored by Pharmacovigilance Centers. This ensures that the patients receive safe and effective treatment with minimum or no undesired effects. A brief overview of commonly used hypoglycemic agents and their associated ADRs obtained from publishing data is elucidated in this...
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Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2022 in |
In the recent advancement of the food and pharmaceutical industry, the encapsulation process has gained interest in the production of functional food and the sustained release of drugs to the target site. The designing and the fabrication of micro or nanocapsule has become the active field of research over the few decades. Encapsulation increases the shelf life of the bioactive materials, increases their stability and protects the bio-actives from the harsh environment. Therefore, the encapsulation process has a great potentiality in the development of functional food and drugs. Many bioactive materials, oils, probiotics, and drugs are encapsulated in a microcapsule made up of varieties of polymeric and non-polymeric substances. Successful encapsulation of materials depends on the choice of the wall materials and the correct techniques adopted for the formation of the microsphere. In this review, an attempt has been made to discuss the different materials and the techniques used in the encapsulation process with reference to the food and pharmaceutical...
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Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2022 in |
Croton membranaceus is a tropical plant that grows wildly in some West African countries. Though several parts of this plant are used for the treatment of diverse disease conditions, its root extracts are traditionally used mainly in Ghana for the management of prostate diseases. This present study aimed to investigate the in-vitro and in-vivo antioxidant activities of the stem extracts of C. membranaceus and assess their total phenolic and flavonoid contents. DPPH free radical scavenging method was employed in the preliminary screening for antioxidant activities of the direct aqueous (CMASE) and sequential fractions (SECM) of the pulverized stem of C. membranceus: hexane, ethanol, ethyl acetate, and aqueous. In–vivo antioxidant effects of CMASE on liver antioxidant enzymes/markers [Glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA)] in Sprague-Dawley (S-D) rats after 90 days were also investigated. In-vitro investigations revealed that all SECM and CMASE had some antioxidant activities. Ethanolic and ethyl acetate fractions exhibited the highest antioxidant activities with EC50 values of 0.35 and 1.41 mg/ml. Phenols were present...
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