Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2022 in |
The present study is designed to enhance the aqueous solubility of diclofenac sodium. For the said purpose co-crystal employing chitosan with diclofenac sodium is prepared by solvent exchange. The prepared co-crystal was characterized by FTIR, DSC, XRD and TGA studies. Further, solubility, anti-inflammatory activity and in-vitro release study was determined for different batches of the formulation. The solubility of different bathes of co-crystal was found to be between 34.6 to 46.6µg/ml as compared to the pure drug having a solubility of 18.6 and a physical mixture of 30.9µg/ml. The in-vitro release is found to be 72.5 to 84.8%, whereas PM shows 58.7 % release and pure drug shows 27.8 % release. The in-vitro release data of the optimized batch followed fickian diffusion mechanism. The % inhibition of formulation co-crystal is much more than the model drug (diclofenac sodium). Thus, the diclofenac-loaded co-crystal would be useful for delivering poorly water-soluble drugs with enhanced dissolution, solubility and improved anti-inflammatory activity of the...
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Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2022 in |
Introduction: Scapulae bear a shallow articular concave fossa commonly known as glenoid cavity that accommodates the head of the humerus to form a shoulder joint. The size and shape of glenoid fossa is highly variable; hence, knowledge about morphological measurements is invariably essential for surgery and artificial prosthesis pertaining to shoulder joint pathology. Aim: Glenoid fossa morphometry to study its various shapes and diameters in dry human scapulae. Materials and Methods: Dry bone scapulae were obtained from the bone room of the post-graduate department of Anatomy S.C.B Medical College Cuttack. Ninety-seven samples were studied, out of which 45 belonged to the right side and 52 left sides. All the measurements were carried out by verniers caliper for the height of glenoid fossa (A =A1+ A2) and breadth (B = B1+B2). A Goniometer measured the glenoidal version. Observation: The oval shape was the most common glenoid fossa observed, amounting 42(43.3%). The mean value for length with Standard Deviation was 31.5±3.16 millimeters and the mean and standard deviation Breadth was 21.99±2.76...
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Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2022 in |
The objective of this study is to investigate the protective effect of aqueous bark extract of Terminalia arjuna (TA) on high-fat diet-induced cardiovascular changes in Wistar rats using histological, immunohistochemical, and gene expression analysis. Group 1- without treatment served as control, group 2- High fat diet (HFD) received corn oil orally at a dose of 10 mL/kg, group 3 – HFD+atorvastatin (ATV) – 10 mg/kg, group 4 – HFD+TA125 mg/kg , and group 5- HFD+TA250 mg/kg, 6 days a week for 5 weeks. The activity of MMP-9 was measured in blood, Hematoxylin and Eosin staining was analyzed with heart tissue and TNF-α immunohistochemistry and ADIPOQ gene expression analysis were conducted using heart tissue. When Compared to the control group, the HFD group showed higher levels of MMP-9 activity and morphological changes in heart histology. TNF-α expression was also significantly increased in HFD group and down-regulation of ADIPOQ gene expression levels. MMP-9 activity and pathological damage to cardiac tissue including ADIPOQ gene expression were significantly reverted when T. arjuna bark...
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Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2022 in |
Begonia cucullata Willd. (Begoniaceae) is a native medicinal species from Paraguay popularly used to combat stomatitis, pharyngitis, respiratory ailments in children, and inflammatory conditions among others. The limited literature did not report these plants as having analgesic, anti-inflammatory, or antimicrobial properties. This work aims to determine the acute toxicity, general behavior, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activities in mice and antimicrobial activity in-vitro of crude extract of B. cucullata (CEBc). Experimental induced-pain models (Randall-Selitto, Writhing, and Hot plate test) were used for the study of analgesia in mice. Likewise, carrageenan-induced paw edema was used to evaluate the anti-edematous activity of CEBc. CEBc is safe, well-tolerated, and without behavioral effects in mice and is devoid of antibacterial activity. Using the Randall-Selitto method, oral doses of CEBc denoted a significant increment in the pain threshold up to 260 %. Also, in the writhing test, the number of abdominal contortions was significantly decreased up to 68% by CEBc in a dose-dependent manner in comparison to the control group. Likewise, oral administration of CEBc in...
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Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2022 in |
Metformin (MET) is a biguanide class of oral hypo-glycaemic agent which is used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus type II. Currently, MET is the first drug of choice and is primarily prescribed by medical practitioners to at least 120 million people worldwide. The quality-oriented routine analysis of various commercially available products of MET is a major challenge. Several methods have been reported in an industrial scale for thorough quantitative analysis. This review article comprehensively examines the published sophisticated instruments-based nearly 50 analytical methods in various pharmaceutical databases like Google Scholar, PubMed, etc. of diverse area of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The determination of MET in plasma, serum, and urine, extensively requires the HPLC method. For the determination of MET in biological samples, we recommend the LC-MS/MS method since this method combines the HPLC separation ability with MS sensitivity and selectivity, allowing the identification of MET and its metabolites. For pharmaceutical analysis, HPLC with UV detection method is applicable because this method provides accurate results and low cost compared...
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