Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2023 in |
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a common chronic liver condition, is high in developed nations. One of the factors leading to chronic liver disease and cryptogenic cirrhosis has been identified as NAFLD. Multiple risk factors, including obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension-related cardiovascular disease, contribute to the development of NAFLD. The pathogenesis of NAFLD involves a complex interplay among several key pathological processes, including insulin resistance, abnormal lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis. The initial stage of NAFLD, known as hepatic steatosis, manifests as excessive fat accumulation within the liver. Although extensive research efforts have led to the identification of these risk factors, there remains a limited understanding of the disease initiation and the underlying molecular mechanisms driving its progression. Animal models of NAFLD give crucial information, not only in elucidating the pathogenesis of NAFLD but also in examining the therapeutic effects of various agents. An ideal model of NAFLD should correctly reflect both hepatic histopathology and the pathophysiology of human NAFLD. This review summarizes...
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Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2023 in |
Hydrophobic medications that are taken orally having poor bioavailability due to permeability issues. They experience a chemical and enzymatic breakdown in the digestive system and exhibit a significant amount of hepatic first-pass metabolism. Similar obstacles prevent the development of effective therapeutic molecule delivery systems and the discovery of new drugs. It has been revealing that curcumin, a key active lipophilic constituent of Curcuma longa (Zingiberaceae), has a variety of pharmacological properties, including cholagogues, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. Based on its organoleptic characteristics, solubility, loss on drying, partition coefficient, infrared spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry, Curcumin was physically and chemically characterized. The drug sample Curcumin was found to be genuine and pure based on the tests. For the purpose of determining in-vitro release and permeation study, an analytical method utilizing RP-HPLC was created and validated. Ionic gelation was used to create chitosan nanoparticles. The study includes the evaluation of various processing conditions, including surface morphology, particle size, particle size distribution, surface charge, percentage yield, entrapment efficiency, and drug loading, as...
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Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2023 in |
Introduction: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) poses an unforeseeable menace associated with all the prescribed medicines. Thus, ADRs are monitored and assessed on a large scale in our country by the Pharmacovigilance Programme of India through adverse drug reaction monitoring centres (AMCs). Objectives: This study was done to assess the pattern of ADRs reported in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Haryana by applying various aspects of ADR monitoring such as clinical presentation, causality, and severity assessment in various Inpatient departments at SHKM GMC. Material and Methods: A Prospective, Observational study was conducted in all the inpatient clinical departments of SHKM Govt. Medical College, Haryana for a duration of 12 months. ADRs were recorded in pre-designed proforma along with ADR reporting form “Version 1.3”. Processing & analysis of data was done using SPSS version 20. Results: A total of 189 ADRs among 120 patients were reported during the study period. Females were affected more than males. Maximum ADRs were reported in the age group of 19-60 years. ENT department had...
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Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2023 in |
Actinomycetes are biotechnologically important microorganism as they produce many secondary metabolites and natural pigments, including a dark-brown pigment melanin. Melanin is produced in melanocytes that provides pigmentation to skin. Although many roles have been attributed to melanic pigments, the main role in nature seems to be photoprotection damage. Melanin possesses anti- UV radiation property by absorbing the electromagnetic spectrum and preventing optical damage in the living organisms. Melanoma is a malignant of melanocytes that controls the pigment melanin in the skin. The aim of the present study is to isolate the melanin producing actinomycetes from the agricultural soil and to assay the cytotoxicity using murine B16 melanoma cell line and normal mouse L929 fibroblast cell line. The results showed that the melanin obtained from the actinomycetes showed good anticancer activity against murine B16 melanoma cell line and nontoxic against normal mouse L929 fibroblast cell line. Hence it can be used as a photoprotective...
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Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2023 in |
Osteosarcoma begins in the long bones and occurs mainly in children and young adults but is also seen in an older population with a high mortality rate. Zinc beryllium silicate and beryllium oxide, radioactive agents like radium and some C-type viruses have a harsh impact on osteosarcoma. Genetic factors like changes in the p53 tumor suppressor gene, mutation in RECQL4 gene, WRN gene can contribute in osteosarcoma. Osteosarcoma tumor can be categorized as high grade, intermediate grade, and low grade depending on the degree and duration of tumor growth. Based on the nature of the pathogenesis and location of tumor high grade osteosarcoma can be Osteoblastic, Chondroblastic, Fibroblastic, Telangiectatic, Desmoplastic fibroma, Extraskeletal osteosarcoma; Periosteal Osteosarcoma are of intermediate grade. It is associated with some characteristic symptoms like bone pain, lump formation, and walking with difficulties leading to pathologic fractures. Osteosarcoma can be diagnosed by Biopsy, X-ray, MRI, and CT scan and from some biochemical markers like Lactate Dehydrogenase and Alkaline Phosphatase. Treatment include surgery which has wide safety margin,...
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