Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2024 in |
Dental caries is a persistent disease characterized by acid damage to tooth enamel, which begins with the formation of biofilms on the tooth surface. Streptococcus mutans secretes glucosyltransferase, which enables the synthesis of extracellular glucan polymers using ingested starch within the oral cavity, ultimately resulting in acid production, a contributing factor to tooth decay. In this study, we conducted a preliminary screening and partial purification of glucosyltransferase enzymes and evaluated their inhibitory activity against selected plant extracts. We screened 36 isolates of Streptococcus mutans for glucosyltransferase enzyme production and identified the SM-18 isolate as having the highest enzyme activity and protein concentration which was selected for further study. Further enzyme optimization studies revealed that the optimal conditions for enzyme activity were pH 6.5, a temperature of 40°C, an incubation time of 18-19 hours, and a substrate concentration of 70 g/L. The extracted enzyme was precipitated at 70% using the ammonium sulphate precipitation method and had a molecular weight of approximately 65 kDa. We also analyzed the inhibitory effects of...
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Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2024 in |
Arq-e-zeera, a distillate preparation of mainly Cuminum cyminum (Safed zeera), Bunium persicum (Shahi/kala zeera), Trachyspermum ammi (Ajwain) seeds, and Zingiber officinale (Adrak) rhizome isclinically used for declining obesity. Numerous trace elements, including calcium, magnesium, manganese, iron, zinc, and salt, are abundant in these herbs. These herbs have been observed to have diverse activities, notably antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory and against gastrointestinal disorders. Major compounds of Arq-e-Zeera, as identified by GCMS and GC analysis, include thymol, limonene, terpinene, Cuminaldehyde, carvacrol, cymene, 1-phenyl-propanol, and 4-ethyl-3 non-5 yne, among other chemical components. Furthermore, because no or less evidence of their toxicity has been found in the literature, these are employed as aromatic ingredients and to enhance the taste, flavor, texture, and therapeutic benefits of many traditional cuisines. This review provides updated information on the morphological and taxonomical classification, chemical structures, experimental models, and methodologies employed in investigating the numerous activities and chemicals identified from the four primary constituents of...
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Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2024 in |
Introduction: Aedes mosquitoes are responsible for transmitting several life-threatening diseases worldwide, which poses a significant societal burden. It is crucial to control these mosquito vectors to prevent the transmission of diseases. In this regard the present work focused on phytochemical screening and larvicidal activity on the whole plant of Barleria cuspidate ethanolic extract. Methods: Ethanolic extract of Barleria cuspidata was prepared by successive extraction using the maceration method. The larvicidal activity of different concentrations (20 mg/ml, 40 mg/ml, 60 mg/ml, 80 mg/ml, and 100 mg/ml) was assessed against 4th instar Aedes aegypti. Mortality rates were recorded after 24 hrs and 48 hrs to evaluate the larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti. Results: The phytochemical screening of Barleria cuspidata ethanolic extracts revealed the presence of Alkaloids, Saponins, Flavonoids, Steroids, and Tannins. At a concentration of 100 mg/ml, the extract demonstrated the highest inhibitory effect, with mortality rates of 84% and 93% observed at 24 and 48 hours respectively. In contrast, no mortality was observed in the control group, indicating that the observed effects were specifically due to the extract. The LC50...
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Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2024 in |
The aim of this study was the quantitative phytochemical screening of extracts obtained from the leaf, flower, and latex with antibacterial activity and antioxidant activity of Cascabela thevetia (C. thevetia). The Quantitative determinations of total flavonoid, carbohydrate, and polyphenol contents were accomplished by Folin-Ciocalteau, phenol-sulfuric acid, and AlCl3 methods. The in-vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated by the DPPH free radical scavenging activity method. All the samples were screened for antimicrobial activity against gram-positive (S. aureus, S. pneumonia) and gram-negative (E. coli and K. pneumoniae) bacterial strains by using the disc diffusion and well method followed by calculation of minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Phytoconstituents of different samples of C. thevetia in different solvents contain total polyphenol and carbohydrate content were highest at methanol flower extract 80.26 ± 0.86 and 178. 15 ± 3.15 µg GAC and GLU equivalent/mg of dry extracts weight respectively. But flavonoid content was methanol leaf extract 654.53 ± 2.08µg QAR equivalent/mg of dry extracts weight. Among them the lowest IC50 value was 82.84 performed by aqueous...
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Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2024 in |
The development of effective therapeutic strategies for various remedial conditions often involves the exploration of synergistic interaction between two pharmacophores. The most frequent methods for multidrug therapy combining two or more active ingredients into a single, and creating hybrid molecular entities that can modulate numerous targets interaction gives a synergistic effect. As a result, the structural activity relationship is becoming more and more common in the form of hybrid molecules (multiple ligand approach) such as chalcone-isatin, ferrocene-isatin as well as ferrocene-chalcone combinations possesses multiple biological properties such as antitubercular, anticancer, antibacterial, Antimalarial, anti-inflammatory which having synergistic activity due to their combination as well as their substitutions like electron donating and withdrawing group. The evaluation of synergistic drug combinations offers promise in overcoming challenges such as drug resistance, dose-dependent toxicity, and suboptimal treatment responses. To determine the significance of the notion of molecular hybridization, the pharmacological potency of the hybrid molecules is compared to those of their separate counterparts. This review underscores the promising role of chalcone-isatin, ferrocene-isatin and ferrocene-chalcone...
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