Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2017 in |
The ancient Chinese formulation Fang Feng Tong Shen San (FFTSS) consists of 17 components. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-tyrosinase, anti-neuro-degenerative and antimicrobial effects of five commercial preparations of FFTSS and two laboratories constituted mixtures. In-vitro 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), lipid peroxidation (LPO), α-glycosidase, tyrosinase, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, elastase inhibitory and antimicrobial assays were carried out in order to determine the active potential of FFTSS. All commercial preparations have shown antioxidant properties after applying DPPH and LPO assays of an average IC50 of 117.68µg/ml and 2.86µg/ml, respectively. In addition, all commercial preparations exhibited a moderate inhibition against tyrosinase of an average IC50 of 0.353mg/ml while the activity were higher in the formula without salts and excipients reaching an IC50 of 0.077mg/ml. The anti-neurodegenerative property of FFTSS was weak while the inhibitory activity of elastase was stronger. The formula was able to inhibit α-glucosidase in an average of 60.22%. FFTSS showed stronger effect against Staphylococcus aureus but less antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria. In summary...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2017 in |
This study reports the phytochemistry of the oil obtained from the air-dried non-utilized fruits of H. madagascariensis a plant widely used in folklore medicine. The H. madagascariensis fruits oil (HMO) was obtained by de-fatting the chloroform extract of the air-dried fruits with n-hexane. The n-hexane extract further separated on a normal phase silica column to afford the HMO. The acute toxicity test was done on mice using the Lorke’s method. Selected physico-chemical properties (specific gravity, refractive index, pH, viscosity and saponification value) were evaluated using standard procedures. Characterization of the fatty acids constituents was done using Gas Chromatography-Mass (GC-MS) and Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) spectroscopic techniques. The HMO (reddish oil) had LD50 > 5000 mg/kg; specific gravity = 0.918; refractive index = 1.472; pH: 6.4, Viscosity: 2.252, Saponification value (mg KOH/g): 140.5. GC-MS characterization of the HMO afforded eight fatty acids derivatives (47.93% unsaturated fatty acid and 14.82% saturated fatty acids of the total peak area): palmitic acid methyl ester (7.00%), palmitic acid (2.61%), linoleyl alcohol (1.22%), linoleic...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2017 in |
Naproxen and Ibuprofen, two non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, are frequently prescribed in modern medicine. In this study, nanoencapsulation by solvent evaporation technique is used to formulate Naproxen and Ibuprofen loaded poly(DL-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) nanospheres by means of Tween 80 and Span 80 as surfactant and co-surfactant respectively. Different formulations are prepared with different drug masses and same quantities of polymer and surfactants. This was done in order to evaluate the effect of the mass variation of the two drugs on the characteristics of the prepared nanospheres. The prepared nanospheres are studied for drug entrapment and drug loading efficiencies, particle size, morphology, FT-IR analysis and in vitro release. As a result, all nanospheres presented a spherical profile and homogeneous size distribution. Naproxen revealed the highest drug entrapment efficiency. FT-IR analysis showed no interaction for both drugs with the polymer. In vitro release of drugs from encapsulated PLC nanospheres showed that Ibuprofen release was faster than Naproxen release. Also the in vitro release was faster for formulations having the lowest amount of drug...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2017 in |
In the present competitive world, stress is a major cause for several health disorders– Hypertension, Cardiovascular disorders, Supressed Immunity and other conditions. Proper stress management takes on great importance given the wide range of bodily systems impacted by stress hormones. Cortisol – the “stress hormone” affects the liver by increasing several biochemical pathways. One of the prominent stress marker is increase in gluconeogenesis. Due to the growing importance of herbal medicines, Clerodendrum colebrookianum was chosen for the study, commonly called as Phuihnam by the Mizo tribe of north eastern India. Previously carried out qualitative studies indicated the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, saponins, phenolscardiac-glycosides and anthraquinones in Phuihnam. Ex-vivo studies were carried out using the hepatocytes from Sus scrofa domesticus. Our study indicated a high glucose release having an absorbance about 0.335 ± 0.001 at 520 nm after one hour of incubation when cortisol was induced but on addition of the boiled extract the absorbance drastically reduced to 0.124 ± 0.010 at 520 nm. Similarly on addition of sodium...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2017 in |
Impurities will be present in all drug substances and drug products, i.e. nothing is 100% pure if one looks in enough depth. The current regulatory guidance on impurities accepts this, and for drug products with a dose of less than 2 g/day identification of impurities is set at 0.1% levels and above (ICH Q3B (R2), 2006). For some impurities, this is a simple undertaking as generally available analytical techniques can address the prevailing analytical challenges; whereas, for others this may be much more challenging requiring more sophisticated analytical approaches. The present review provides an insight into current development of analytical techniques to investigate and quantify impurities in drug substances and drug products providing discussion of progress particular within the field of chromatography to ensure separation of and quantification of those related impurities. Further, a section is devoted to the identification of classical impurities, but in addition, inorganic (metal residues) and solid state impurities are also discussed. Risk control strategies for pharmaceutical impurities aligned with several of the ICH guidelines,...
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