Posted by admin on May 31, 2017 in |
Tea has been considered as a health promoting drink & stimulant. Globally 4842.1 thousand tons tea consume annually. But due to change in soil characteristics, indiscriminate use of pesticide & fertilizer lead to accumulation of toxic heavy metal like Lead(Pb), Arsenic(As), Copper(Cu), Nickel(Ni) & Cadmium(Cd) in tea leafs & bud. Tea market in India is not well regulated, an abundance of loose tea dust grade leaf very often sell in the local market without any proper labeling and regulatory license no. As this metal have high molecular weight and need more time to eliminate from our body, therefore, serious health ailment like teratogenicity, spontaneous abortion, renal failure & encephalopathy may happen if heavy metal presence in tea leafs & bud above the limit set by different regulatory authorities. In this review, we try to find out the source of heavy metal in the tea garden and differ limit for heavy metal set by major regulatory agencies. Soil, irrigation water, underground water, fertilizer, pesticide & anthropogenic factor influence the accumulation...
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Posted by admin on May 31, 2017 in |
Neopterin, pyrazino-pyrimidine compound, is a metabolite of guanosine triphosphate and is produced by the activated monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells upon stimulation by interferon gamma produced by T-lymphocytes. Aim: This study purposed to analyze the serum level of neopterin and to evaluate its correlation with other markers of inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes at various stages of diabetic nephropathy. Methods: The study done on 80 patients, aged (60 years ±5) with type 2 diabetes, and 60 healthy subjects, aged (50 years±8) recruited from outpatient clinic of nephrology department in Al yarmouk hospital. The serum levels of neopterin, high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interluekin-six (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) were assayed by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) kits, and studied. Results: The level of serum neopterin was higher in diabetic patients than in control subjects. There were gradual increases of serum neopterin levels from stage two to stage three and four in diabetic patients. Serum neopterin level correlated positively with serum levels of hs-CRP, IL-6,...
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Posted by admin on May 31, 2017 in |
Surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy has been the cornerstone of cancer management for decades. Since a decade or so, targeted therapies by way of Imatinib and Trastuzumab arrived that specifically target cancer cells and reply on specific molecular changes to identify them. These are in fact the standard treatment at present in several forms of cancer. But now in recent times, the fifth pillar of cancer treatment has gradually emerged where the patient’s immune system is hired to address and kill his own cancer cells. One such strategy for treatment is involving engineered immune cells of a patient to identify and kill his own tumours. Although this approach, often called adoptive cell transfer or ACT is now limited to small tests and trials, these are seen are true silver bullets in the days to come in treating cancer. This review discuss this new development in pharmaceutical science were living drugs are emerging through high end genetic engineering that exploit the specificity of an antibody and the unique cytotoxic effect...
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Posted by admin on May 31, 2017 in |
Compounds with teratogenic effects can cause genetic defects during pregnancy and subsequently lead to unwanted abortions. Unwanted abortions and postnatal genetic defects can impose economic and psychological burden on the community. This systematic review was conducted to report medicinal plants with teratogenic and abortion-inducing side effects that are used in Iran. To conduct this systematic review, all articles specifically on the teratogenic and abortion-inducing effects of Iranian medicinal plants were retrieved from the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) and PubMed and their findings evaluated. Many plants have been reported to display teratogenic and abortion-inducing effects, but a limited number of them were experimentally examined and demonstrated to have such effects. Certain plants such as Perovskia abrotanoides and Lawsonia inermis can simultaneously exert teratogenic and abortion-inducing effects. Plants and their derivatives can cause teratogenic effects and lead to unwanted abortion through several action mechanisms. Such plants cannot be considered harmless solely because they are natural; therefore, they should be used during pregnancy cautiously, under physician’s supervision, and at specific...
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Posted by admin on May 31, 2017 in |
The present investigation evaluates preliminary phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of aerial parts of Alternanthera bettzickiana (Regel) G. nicholson an edible green medicinal herb tested against various Gram positive, Gram negative bacteria and fungi. The plants were evaluated against two Gram positive bacterial species such as Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis; two Gram negative bacterial species such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae; and fungi such as Aspergillus niger, Epidermophyton floccosum and Candida albicans were tested. Preliminary phytochemical screening was performed with ethanol, petroleum ether, acetone, chloroform and aqueous extracts of Alternanthera bettzickiana (Regel) G. nicholson that showed the alkaloids, carbohydrates, saponins, phenols, flavonoids, diterpenes, tannin, terpenoids, steroid, oxalate, anthocyanin, leucoanthocyanin, Xanthoprotein, coumarin and glycosides in the ethanol extract. The ethanol extract showed higher phytoconstituents when compared to the other extracts. The extracts were compared with standards like Amoxicillin and Ketoconazole for antibacterial and antifungal activity respectively. The extracts showed greatest antimicrobial activity as measured from the zone of inhibition and results were comparable with that of standard drugs...
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