A STUDY ON ASSESSMENT OF INCIDENCE AND RELATED RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH CONTRAST-INDUCED NEPHROPATHY IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION

Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is a frequent cause of hospital-acquired acute kidney injury (AKI) and is associated with adverse clinical outcome. It occurs often among patients with multiple comorbidities and compromised renal function. This study is aimed to determine the prevalence of the risk factors associated with contrast-induced nephropathy in patients undergoing various percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). A prospective observational cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital for 12 months. Patients undergoing PCI were recruited in accordance with the eligibility criteria. The baseline characteristics as well as laboratory and cath-lab procedure data, were obtained from their case files. The prevalence of risk factors among the patients was assessed using the Mehran score and the association of risk factors with CIN was analysed using binary logistic regression. CIN was prevalent in 30 (15%) out of 200 recruited patients. The prevalence of risk factors among the recruited patients was 8.5% aged > 75 yrs, 11% hypotensive, 9% requiring an intra-aortic balloon pump, 44% anaemic, 36% diabetic, and 4.5% having serum creatinine levels > 1.5mg/dL. The prevalence of patients with high, moderate and low risk for CIN was found to be 9.5%, 29.5%, and 60% respectively. CIN was prevalent among the patients undergoing PCI, with a significant prevalence of the risk factors for nephropathy. A significant association was established between pre-procedural elevated serum creatinine levels and CIN development. Contrast administration should be closely monitored, and preventive approaches should be practised in these patients for better patient outcomes.