ANTI-DIABETIC AND ANTI-HYPERTENSIVE ACTIVITIES OF CITRUS FRUIT PEELS

Orange (Citrus sinensis), Kinnow (Citrus reticuleta), and Mosambi (Citrus limetta) methanolic, the aqueous extract showed the inhibitory activity on α-amylase and α-glucosidase assay where methanolic, acetone and aqueous extract of these fruit peels exhibited the anti-hypertensive activities. The results showed that the methanol and aqueous extract of Orange, Kinnow, and Mosambi peels inhibited α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities. However, Orange peels (IC₅₀ = 18.4 and 9.43 µg/mL) and Kinnow peels (IC₅₀ = 12.6 and 6.09 µg/mL) exhibited higher capacity to inhibit α-amylase activity compared to Mosambi peels (IC₅₀ = 11.6 and 6.54 µg/mL) and Orange peels (IC₅₀=12.5 and 8.67 µg/mL) methanol and aqueous extract exhibited higher inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase activity compared to Kin now (IC50= 9.78 and 7.65 µg/mL) and Mosambi peel (IC₅₀=4.56 and 10.6 µg/mL).respectively. Similarly, methanol, acetone, and aqueous extract of Orange, Kin now and Mosambi inhibit the angiotensin-1-converting enzyme (ACE) activity. Moreover, methanol and acetone extract of Orange (IC₅₀ =0.38 and 0.40 ug /mL) and Mosambi (IC₅₀ = 0.44 and 0.46ug /mL) showed significant inhibitory capacity on ACE and aqueous extract of Orange (IC₅₀ = 0.42 ug /mL), Kinnow (IC₅₀= 0.45 ug /mL) and Mosambi (IC₅₀ = 0.48 ug /mL) showed significant inhibitory capacity on ACE. The study found that methanol and aqueous extract of Orange, Kinnow, and Mosambi peels showed great potential for anti-diabetic and methanol, acetone, and aqueous peels extract anti-hypertensive activities. Moreover, methanol and aqueous extract of Orange peels were more potent than Kinnow and Mosambi peels.