CANCER CAUSES AND TREATMENTS

Cancer is a genetic disorder that results from genetic or epigenetic alterations in the somatic cells and has abnormal cell growth which may be spread to other body parts. In 2018, 18 million cancer was recorded globally in which 9.5 million cancer cases in men, 8.5 million cases in women, and 9.6 deaths were also recorded in the same year. The most spreading cancer globally is prostate, breast, lung stomach, colorectal cancer, non-melanoma skin malignancies but there are 100 types of cancers that affect humans. The impact of cancer is increasing significantly day by day. Tobacco is 22% responsible for causing cancer, 15% cancer is caused due some infections like HIV, hepatitis b, Epstein-Barretc, and 10% is due to poor diet, obesity, excessive consumption of alcohol, exposure to ionizing radiation, etc. In this review article, we try to shed a light on various cancer-causing factors, type of cancer, how the cancer starts, sign or symptom of cancer, diagnosing tests, the treatments of cancer and problems related to cancer treatments. Nowadays, a lot of research is going on precision medicine for a better future of cancer treatments. The common therapies are given to patient’s chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, surgery and hormone therapy and combinations of these therapies. Stem cell transplant is also the best therapy for cancer but it given after the common therapies to recover the patient from blood loss and help in making the patient healthy.