CURRENT ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITY AND TOXIC EFFETCS OF VARIOUS CAPSICUM SPECIES

Nature always stands as a golden mark to exemplify the outstanding phenomena of symbiosis. Natural products from plant, animal and minerals have been the basis of the treatment of human disease. Capsicum plants belongs to the family Solanaceae and kingdom Plantae, consist of 27 species, and approximately 3000 varieties. Chili peppers are used worldwide in foods for their pungent flavor, aroma, and to prolong food spoilage. With capsaicin contents ranging from zero to millions of Scoville heat units, the different varieties offer a wide range of options for people all over the world. The aim of present review is to form a short compilation of the pharmacological and toxicological potentials of this multipurpose fruit. Capsicum, has been used as anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, anti-ulcer, anticoagulant, analgesic, anti-arthritis, immuno-modulatory, memory enhancing, pain relief, hypocholesterolaemic, hypolipidemic, hepatoprotective and antimicrobial effects. It also cause irritation to mucous membrane, inflammation and neurotoxicity. It should not be used on open wounds or abrasions, or near the eyes. It has antagonistic effects on of α-adrenergic blockers, clonidine and methyldopa.