EFFECT OF ANTI-DIABETIC DRUGS ON SERUM B12, MINERALS LIKE ZINC, MAGNESIUM, PHOSPHORUS AND CALCIUM IN TYPE II DIABETES MELLITUS (T2DM)

Metformin, the first-line drug, can reduce hepatic gluconeogenesis and increase insulin sensitivity. At the molecular level, metformin inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain, which leads to an increase in adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, which increases insulin sensitivity. Recent guidelines advocate metformin as the first-line agent that has a glucose-lowering effect concurrently with lifestyle modification. Metformin has long been shown to decrease vitamin B12 levels. Vitamin B12 is also an essential micronutrient required for optimal hemopoietic, neuro-cognitive, and cardiovascular function. Vitamin B12 deficiency has been highly prevalent among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this study, we want to figure out the association between metformin administration and VitB12 absorption defects in a diabetic patient pool on metformin alone and metformin with other combination drugs. Findings from this study indicate the role of metformin in vitB12 deficiency, uncontrolled glucose levels, and levels of serum Minerals in T2DM patients, gradually leading to microvascular and macrovascular complications even with one year of usage of drugs.