IN SILICO AND IN VITRO XANTHINE OXIDASE INHIBITORY ACTIVITY OF EMBILICA OFFICINALIS (AMLA)

The present study on Embilica officinalis, a common household remedy and the present study describes the inhibition of enzyme xanthine oxidase (XO) with in vitro analyses and assenting in silico study to produce an effective phytoconstituents. The results explained the ethanolic extract of Embilica officinalis (EOEt) exhibited antioxidant and defensive oxidative stress and allied with its total phenol (51.33 ± 0.793 mg/g) and flavonoid content (33.51 ± 0.616 mg/g). Additionally, the DPPH scavenging activity shows significant correlation between antioxidant and XO inhibitory activities result in IC₅₀ value of 40.40 ± 0.1475µg/ml. The EOEt extract probably inhibited the nitric oxide formation with increase in concentration with IC₅₀ of 28.36 ± 0.1522µg/ml. The EOEt extract shows increase in dose dependent manner in percentage of XO inhibitory activity and exhibits potential IC₅₀ value (352.0 ± 0.2069 µg/ml) compared to standard allopurinol (723.9 ± 0.2081µg/ml). The in silico docking studies of the major phytoconstituents (Phyllembilic acid B, Ethyl gallate, Gallic acid, 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural, Ascorbic acid, 1, 2, 3-benzenetriol, Ethyl alpha-d ̶ glucopyranoside and β ̶ cyclocitral) obtained from GC-MS analysis of EOEt extract. The inhibitory property of these active phytoconstituents may be due to the presences of synergistic effect. The result provides compelling basis for the future use of EOEt extract and its phytoconstituents in in vivo system for the treatment and management of gout as well as in related to all oxidative stress conditions.