PHYTOCHEMICAL, PHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF SAPINDUS EMARGINATUS VAHL. BARK EXTRACT FOR NEPHROPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY

Gentamicin causes kidney cellular damage by alterations in biological functions. This study evaluated the nephroprotective potential of the ethanolic extract and its fraction originating from Sapindus emarginatus Vahl. (Sapindaceae) bark against the Gentamicin – induced nephrotoxicity in rat. Objective: To evaluate the nephroprotective effect of ethanol extract and its organic solvent fraction of S. emarginatus Vahl. in gentamicin-induced acute renal failure in rats. Materials and Methods: Nephrotoxicity was induced in wistar rats by intraperitoneal administration of gentamicin 100 mg/kg/day for ten days. The treatment was done with silymarin 50 mg/kg, ethanol extract 200 mg/kg/p.o. and its ethyl acetate fractions 100 mg/kg/p.o. bark of S. emarginatus was determined using parameters serum creatinine, urea, uric acid, blood urea nitrogen, albumin, protein, other parameters are kidney weight, body weight, urine volume and histopathology of kidney. Results: It was observed that the ethanol extract and its ethyl acetate fractions bark of S. emarginatus has brought back the altered levels of biochemical markers to the near normal levels in the dose dependent manner. In histopathological study the gentamicin-induced glomerular congestion, peritubular inflammation, tubular desquamation, tubular congestion, interstitial haemorrhage and odema of the kidney cells were found to be reduced in the group receiving the bark extracts of S. emarginatus along with gentamicin. Conclusion: The present study that ethanol and its ethyl acetate fraction possessed nephroprotective activity. The isolated fraction was found to exhibit greater nephroprotective activity than the ethanol extract