RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF CUTANEOUS ADVERSE DRUG REACTION AT TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Introduction: Skin and subcutaneous tissue adverse drug reactions (ADR) are among the most common types of Cutaneous Reaction. The incidence rate of Cutaneous ADR is 1-3% for admitted patients in developed countries, whereas, in developing countries, it is 2-5% for admitted patients. Aims & Objective: To analyze the patient demographics, characteristics of the reaction, type of reaction, seriousness of the reaction, classification of the drugs involved, action is taken and outcome of reactions, causality assessment, severity assessment, and preventability of cutaneous ADRs. Material and Methods: The ADR monitoring center reported all cutaneous adverse drug reactions between September 2017 to June 2020 (34 months). All reported ADRs were clinically verified by committee members and retrospectively analyzed using various parameters such as type of reaction, causality assessment, drug preventability, and severity. Results: Out of 990 ADRs reported during the study period, 232 (23.43%) were cutaneous ADRs concerning 204 patients, including indoor and outdoor patients. A maximum number (48.7%) of ADRs were reported in the adult age group between 20-44 years. The majority of ADRs were considered probable (79.74%), moderate (50.0%), and Definitely preventable (70.68%) in nature. Most suspected categories included antimicrobial agents, NSAIDs, and antiretroviral drugs in our study. In this study (9.05%) serious ADRs were reported, including toxic epidermal necrolysis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and DRES’s syndrome. The most common ADRs were reported, including fixed drug eruption (21.55%), followed by a generalized rash (19.40%). Conclusion: Cutaneous ADRs are common and develop in a short duration of time after the treatment starts as per prescription order. Physicians are advised patients to carry a drug allergy card and history of drug allergy information when visiting in a hospital for physician consultation.