ROLE OF NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS IN INSULIN RESISTANCE

Reduced sensitivity of muscles or tissues to insulin is known as insulin resistance. The non-pharmacological management of diabetes, which involves exercise and food modification, has been the primary emphasis of diabetic self-management. Pharmacological therapy includes combination products, phytoconstituents, and oral antihyperglycemics. The limitations of currently available drugs have caused the pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods of treating hyperglycaemia to constantly change. The goal of this review is to observe many cutting-edge medication delivery approaches for the treatment of insulin resistance (IR). The development of nanocarrier delivery methods has revolutionized drug administration by addressing concerns such as limited bioavailability of classic dose forms used in diabetes therapy. Through enhancing insulin delivery specificity to target tissues, these systems aim to reduce side effects and optimize treatment efficacy. Because insulin is administered to specific cellular sites via nanocarriers and nanoparticles, this technique strongly depends on nanotechnology. The anti-inflammatory and anti-insulin-resistant properties of phytonutrients in macrophages and adipocytes are enhanced by nanoformulations. An effective vehicle for phytochemicals to stop T2DM in its early stages is the nano-phytosome. Niosomes reduced the expression of Retinol Binding Protein 4 (RBP4), increased the expression of leptin, adiponectin secretion and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and glucose intolerance and improved insulin resistance. The technology’s innovative approaches pave the way for more tailored and efficient treatments, offering those with insulin resistance hope for improved outcomes and a higher standard of living.