STUDY ON REMOVAL EFFICIENCY OF DIFFERENT MICROORGANISMS IN ANTIBIOTIC-PRODUCING PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES WASTEWATER

Antibiotic yield has been raised by numerous pharmaceutical firms in response to the rising population, the COVID-19 outbreak, and the introduction of several new diseases. Several heavy metals are used in the antibiotics’ formulation. The release of antibiotics and heavy metal ions has wreaked havoc on the ecosystem. The issue with heavy metals is that the bulk of them last a long time in the environment and are a leading cause of different types of cancer and other human diseases. On the other hand, experts worldwide are concerned about the presence of antibiotics in the environment, particularly in wastewater, because it leads to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms (superbugs) that can cause widespread damage. Bioremediation is a viable approach for treating pharmaceutical industry wastewater with antibiotics and heavy metal ions. Copper, cadmium, nickel, zinc, lead and iron are common heavy metal ions found in wastewater from antibiotic-producing pharmaceutical firms. Along with it, antibiotics like chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, cefalexin, Sulfamethoxazole, norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin are frequently found in the effluent of pharmaceutical companies. As a result, this review focuses on the characterization and prospective removal capacities of several microbes for antibiotics and heavy metal ions from pharmaceutical industry wastewater. This review has emphasized the importance of scientific enhancement.