THE ROLE OF GRANULOCYTE-COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF CHEMOTHERAPY-INDUCED NEUTROPENIA IN ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA

Chemotherapy-induced neutropenia (CIN) is a common and sometimes fatal side effect of treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), the most common malignancy in individuals over 40. Antibiotics are used in addition to supportive care as a current treatment. Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been tested in clinical studies as a supplementary treatment to reduce febrile neutropenia in children with ALL. Regarding cancer therapy, the grade and timing of CIN may have predictive and prognostic effects. The following factors are linked to CIN: advanced age, low nutritional and functional status, a history of major comorbidities, the disease’s stage, particular chemotherapy regimens, and combination therapies.  The management of CIN in ALL is fraught with difficulties, such as the lack of a consensus nomogram for the risk assessment of febrile neutropenia and uncertain genetic risk factors. The advantages of treating FN with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and the best course of antibiotics in an emergency must be clarified. The purpose of the review was to explore the function of G-CSF in the management of CIN in ALL patients and to emphasize the incidence and characteristics of CIN in ALL individuals to provide the most accurate assessment and best practice recommendations.