Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2020 in |
Antibiotics inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis, protein synthesis or nucleic acid replication. The antibiotic must have access to and bind to its bacterial target site. Whether antibiotic resistance is intrinsic or acquired, the genetic determinants of resistance encode specific biochemical resistance mechanism that may include enzymatic inactivation of the drug, alteration to the structure of the antibiotic target site and changes that prevent access of an adequate concentration of the antimicrobial agents to the active site. Klebsiella organisms are often resistant to multiple antibiotics. Current evidence implicates plasmids as the primary source of the resistance genes. The susceptibility pattern of different antibiotics to ESBL producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. isolated from urine samples and they found that most of the infection caused by E. coli (61.29%) found to be most common bacteria in urinary tract infection followed by Klebsiella spp. (45.16%). Isolates were highly resistance to gentamicin followed by tetracycline, ampicillin, and amikacin. gentamicin showed resistance against E. coli and Klebsiella spp were 89.47% and 85.71% respectively. While tetracyclin and ampicillin showed...
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Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2019 in |
Gmelina arborea Roxb. belongs to the Verbenaceae family, commonly known as Gambhar. It is distributed throughout India, Ceylon, Malayan and Philippine Islands. Its roots have anthelmintic properties. Its flowers are useful in the treatment of leprosy and blood diseases. Its fruit has diuretic properties and aphrodisiac. It is also used in anemia leprosy and vaginal discharges. Leaves have shown analgesic, antimicrobial, and anti-diabetic activities. A new flavone glycosides 5, 7.4ʹ-trihydroxy-8, 3ʹ-dimethoxyflavone- 4ʹ-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl- 7-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl (1→2)-α-L-rhamnopyranoside(A) along with two known compounds Luteolin (B) and Apigenin (C) were isolated from ethanolic extract of the stem parts of the plant. The characterization and structural elucidation of these compounds were carried out by various color reactions, chemical degradation, and spectral analysis. Antioxidant activity of compound A was evaluated by 1, 1-diphenyl-2-pycrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay system which has shown a significant radical scavenging...
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Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2019 in |
Secondary metabolites not only play a vital role in plant defense but also had shown various medicinal properties which provide a scientific base for using herbs and different plants as alternative medicines that were used by ancient communities. Many of the drugs today are simple synthetic modifications of the natural compounds. The developing commercial requirements of secondary metabolites in recent years has resulted in a great interest in secondary metabolism. Different strategies have been studied with the objective of improving the production of secondary metabolites. Many studies proved the role of plant growth regulators in the accumulation and production of many of these active and therapeutic compounds. Short term experiment was carried out to investigate the response of Catharanthus roseus L. plant to the foliar spray of GA3, IAA and 6-bezylaminopurin at (0, 30, 60, 90 ppm) concentrations during the blooming stage. Three parameters were studied, phenols content, alkaloids content and the antioxidant activity in leaves extracts of this plant. Results showed there were significant increments in all studied...
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Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2019 in |
Introduction: Cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADRs) associated with significant morbidity and mortality are probably the most frequent of all manifestations of drug sensitivity. Material and Methods: It was a prospective observational study where newly diagnosed patients with ADRs reporting to OPD of Dermatology, K.G.M.U, Lucknow and satisfying inclusion criteria were enrolled. The various study tools used were the suspected ADR reporting form (CDSCO), Naranjo’s causality scale, Modified Hartwig and Siegel severity scale and Dermatology Life Quality Index. Results: In a total of 124 patients recorded with CADRs, males (60.5%) were found more affected than females (39.5%). The most common age group found was 21-30 yrs (36.3%) followed by 31-40 yrs (25.8%) with a mean age ± SD 35.88 ± 13.87 range (18-78) years. The most common clinical pattern observed was Fixed Drug Eruption (FDE) (49.2%) followed by maculopapular rash (MPR) (36.3%). The incidence of Severe CADRs (SCADR) was 8.06%. Antimicrobial (50.8%) followed by unknown (17.7%), combinations (14.5%) and anti-epileptics (8.9%) were the most common drug groups suspected. On the...
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Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2019 in |
The aim of this research was to perform phytochemical screening and evaluation of the pharmacological activities of Buchanania lanzan Spreng. leaves. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phytoconstituents like steroids, tannins, saponins, carbohydrates, alkaloids, and flavonoids. Three leaf extracts were prepared by using solvents e.g. chloroform, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. The antibacterial activity was evaluated by using the paper disc method against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. The chloroform extract was found to be more effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a zone of inhibition 20 mm as compared to the standard anti-biotic ampicillin with a zone of inhibition 20 mm. Antifungal activities were evaluated by well diffusion assay against Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger. The chloroform extract was found be more effective against Aspergillus flavus and Candida albicans with a zone of inhibition 22 mm and 20 mm respectively as compared to the standard antifungal ketoconazole with a zone of inhibition 22 mm. Antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger with zone of inhibition 22 mm was...
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