Posted by admin on Mar 31, 2019 in |
Pyrazolines were prepared from the corresponding chalcones by using isonicotinylhydrazine as cyclizing agent. The synthesized compounds were characterized by spectral data and screened for antimicrobial activity. In-silico studies of physiochemical and drug-like properties revealed that these compounds have good bioavailability and drug-likeness properties. Compound PZ2 which exhibited good antimicrobial activity was incorporated into polymeric nanoparticles using PLGA polymer by solvent evaporation method. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized by particle size, entrapment efficiency (EE%), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and in-vitro release studies. Prepared nanoparticles were incorporated into different hydrogel systems, which were prepared by using Carbopol 934 and HPMC in different concentrations ratio 2:1, 1:1 & 1:2. Hydrogel formulations were evaluated for drug content, spreadability, viscosity and drug release studies. Hence, the studies confirmed that entrapment of pyrazolthe ine as antimicrobial drugs in nanoparticle systems has found to be an inventive alternative that improves therapeutic effectiveness and curtails undesirable side effects of the drugs. Further, incorporation of pyrazoline nanoparticles into hydrogel provides an additional benefit of...
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Posted by admin on Mar 31, 2019 in |
Incidence of fungal infections is increasing at an alarming rate, presenting an enormous challenge to healthcare professionals. Despite advances in preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic interventions, the invasive fungal infection causes significant morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. An effective alternative to conventional synthetic antifungal agents can be the use of medicines from natural sources for treatment of fungal infections. The present study is based on a comparative evaluation of preliminary phytochemical screening and in-vitro antimicrobial activity of petroleum ether and ethanolic extracts of Cassia tora seeds and leaves. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of carbohydrates in all four extracts while anthraquinones were found in ethanolic extract of leaves and seeds. The in-vitro antimicrobial assay was performed by agar well diffusion method. Each of the extracts was screened for antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. Ethanolic extract of leaves showed significant antimicrobial activity. The MIC of ethanolic extract of leaves was found to be 100 mg/ml, 75 mg/ml and 50 mg/ml against Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, and...
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Posted by admin on Mar 31, 2019 in |
Biosurfactants are surface active, amphiphilic biochemical compounds containing both hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties produced by microorganisms. They are produced by a variety of microorganisms mainly fungi, bacteria, and yeasts on their cell surface or extracellularly secreted. Biosurfactant mediated synthesis of nanoparticles has now emerged as a green alternative for enhancing both nanoparticles synthesis & stabilization. One of the modes of action is through adsorbing onto metallic nanoparticles, surface stabilizing the nanoparticles & preventing aggregation. Hence, biosurfactant mediated production of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was utilized in the present work. Biosurfactant was produced using Lactobacillus brevis and thus obtained biosurfactant was added to equal amounts of 1mM AgNO3 for production of AgNPs. The primary characterization of the AgNPs was done by visual observation. Further, AgNPs were characterized using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer which showed maximum absorption spectra at 420 nm, TEM revealed the size of AgNPs (18 nm). EDS was carried out to determine the presence of silver metal. Biosurfactant mediated AgNPs were assessed for the antimicrobial studies on MDR strains of bacteria...
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Posted by admin on Mar 31, 2019 in |
Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) strains are causal agents of persistent diarrhea in developing countries. Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli strains (EAEC) are an emerging type of diarrheagenic E. coli. We aimed to isolate, identify and characterize the E. coli pathotypes and study their antibiotic resistance in children under five with diarrhea in Kanpur region, India. Children under 5 years suffering from acute diarrhea and attending an outpatient clinic or admitted in Rama Hospital, Kanpur were enrolled for the study. Severe diarrhea is a public health problem and is responsible for morbidity and mortality, especially in developing countries. DEC was detected by multiplex PCR. Among 38 E. coli isolates, 12 samples contain Cvd432 gene of EAEC diarrheagenic E. coli. Most of the strains are resistant to ampicillin, Co-trimoxazole, gentamicin, azithromycin, imipenem. Ciprofloxacin, Norflex and chloramphenicol are relatively more sensitive. The high antimicrobial resistance observed in our study raises a broad discussion on the indiscriminate or improper use of antimicrobials, besides the risks of...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2019 in |
A series of conjugation of two heterocycles 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole and quinazolone were synthesized and screened for antimicrobial as well as antioxidant activity. Compound4-(4-oxo-2-phenyl-quinazoline-3(4H)-yl)-benzohydrazide 3 on cyclization with different aromatic acids in the presence of phosphoryl chloride (POCl3) give different 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole derivatives. Similarly, compound 3 on reaction with carbon disulphide (CS2) gives substituted oxadiazole thione which on reaction with different halides in the presence of dimethylformamide (DMF) give oxadiazole thiones analogs 6a-6c. Structural assignments of these compounds have been made by elemental analysis, UV, IR, 1H NMR, and mass spectral data. Synthesized analogs were screened for in-vitro growth inhibition activity against different strains of bacteria and fungi and compared with standard drugs ciprofloxacin and fluconazole. Compounds 4e and 4f have good activity against bacteria. All compounds have moderate activity against fungi. These compounds were screened for antioxidant activity by using radical scavenging DPPH assay by using ascorbic acid as a standard drug. Compounds 4e, 6a to 6c have good antioxidant...
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