Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2018 in |
Antimicrobial activity of mycelia and Sporocarps has been adequately worked out but comparative studies of both has not done in detail. The present work is to compare the antimicrobial activity of mycelia and sporocarps of Entoloma speculum. It is a saprophytic, white fleshy fungi, belongs to Entolomataceae. The collected fruiting bodies were dried, powdered and subjected for secondary metabolites extraction. Mycelia was cultured by loading the spore loading the spore to potato dextrose agar plates. Mass culture of mycelia was done on patato dextrose broth (Shittu 2005) and was extracted by methanol. Both extracts were tested against pathogens, viz., Xanthomonas campestris, Pseudomonas syringae, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherihia coli, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Trichophyton rubrum, Chrysosporium keratinophilum, Fusarium solani, Penicillium chrysogenum, Aspergillus niger. Mycelial extract inhibited T. rubrum maximum (36 mm), Sporocarp inhibited F. solani at 28mm maximum, the mycelial extract inhibited pathogenic fungi and sporocarps extract inhibited bacterial...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2018 in |
Chemical composition and biological activities of the essential oil of Detarium microcarpum leaves were assessed in vitro. The essential oil was obtained using a Clevenger type apparatus and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The essential oil was investigated for antioxidant power using the DPPH radical scavenging method and the FRAP test. Antimicrobial activity of the essential oil was also evaluated by agar disk diffusion and broth micro dilution methods. Chemical analysis showed that the major components of the essential oil of D. microcarpum were caryophyllene oxide (28.186%), β-caryophyllene (11.894%), humulene-1, 2-epoxide (4.05%), neryl acetone (2.452%), salvia-4(14)-ene-1-one (2.423%) and linalol (2.098%). The essential oil showed a low radical scavenging power with an IC50 of 21.99 ± 0.17 µl and a weak reducing power. The essential oil exhibited strong to moderate antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens, Enterococcus faecalis, Listeria monocytogenes, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus, Candida kefir and Saccharomyces cerevisiae with inhibition zone diameters ranging from 12 ± 0.00 mm to 22 ± 1.41 mm. Minimum inhibitory...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2018 in |
Objective: Antimicrobials have become one of the most misused therapeutic agents resulting in resistance. Present study was carried out to evaluate the antimicrobial drug utilization pattern. Method: A retrospective, observational record based study was done in hospitalized patients from medicine and surgery department of tertiary care hospital of central India over a period of one year. Result: Among 385 patients, 53.25% were females and 26.75% were in 41 – 50 years age group. Amongst 775 antimicrobials prescribed, 75% were injectables. Average number of antimicrobials per prescription was 2.01 ± 0.6. Use of antimicrobial monotherapy (39.74%) was common and 25.71% had more than two antimicrobials. About 33.16% drugs were prescribed by generic names and FDCs were prescribed in 37.14%. Culture and sensitivity tests were done in 35.6% cases. Cephalosporins (65.19%) were the most preferred antimicrobials followed by penicillins, aminoglycosides and antiamoebics. Ceftriaxone, amikacin and metronidazole were the most commonly prescribed antimicrobials. Prescribed daily dose (PDD) was greater than defined daily dose (DDD) for ceftriaxone, amikacin, amoxicillin, metronidazole and levofloxacin indicating...
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Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2018 in |
As science encourage most of the medicinal plants as supreme source of unlimited chemical compounds which are of great interest in pharmacological preparations. The present investigation was aimed to study Nigella sativa seeds and Cassia angustifolia leaf solvent extract (petroleum ether, methanol and aqueous solutions) for phytochemical screening, GC-MS characterization, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant assay. Qualitative phytochemicals in both Nigella sativa seeds and Cassia angustifolia leaf contains high quantity (+++) of alkaloids, Carboxylic acid, Coumarins, Phenol, Resin, Saponin, and Steroid. Antimicrobial activity was determined with two gram positive (Bacillus subtilis and staphylococcus aureus) bacteria. Methanol extract of Nigella sativa seeds shown highest zone of inhibition (19.66 ± 9.29 mm) against staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumonia. Petroleum ether extracts of both Nigella sativa seeds and Cassia angustifolia leaf extracts shown highest zone of inhibition against klebsiella pneumonia (20.00 ± 5.03mm and 21.66 ± 4.16 mm, respectively). From the analysis of antioxidant potential of Nigella sativa and Cassia angustifolia extracts through DPPH free radical scavenging at three different concentration (5,...
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Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2018 in |
In the present study eight novel 2-pyrazoline – amino pyrimidine hybrids have been synthesized in order to search new chemical entities with increased pharmacological properties. The targeted analogues were synthesized in four steps; Claisen-schmidt condensation of 4-nitro acetophenone with different benzaldehydes in basic medium to yield precursor chalcone which was cyclised using hydrazine hydrates and acetic acid to form 1-acetyl-2-pyrazoline. These were condensed with substituted benzaldehydes to give corresponding pyrazolyl chalcones, which were cyclised using guanidine carbonate to obtain 2-pyrazoline-amino pyrimidine hybrids. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by elemental and spectral (1H and 13C NMR, FTIR and Mass) analysis. All the compounds have been screened for their anti-bacterial activity against gram positive bacteria (Bacillus substilis, Streptococcus aureus), gram negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli) and antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger comparable to reference standard ciprofloxacin and fluconazole by agar-well diffusion method. All compounds 4(a-h) exhibited moderate to high activity and showed more pronounced antibacterial activity than antifungal activity. 4h showed dual effect antibacterial as well as antifungal...
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