Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2018 in |
In the present study eight novel 2-pyrazoline – amino pyrimidine hybrids have been synthesized in order to search new chemical entities with increased pharmacological properties. The targeted analogues were synthesized in four steps; Claisen-schmidt condensation of 4-nitro acetophenone with different benzaldehydes in basic medium to yield precursor chalcone which was cyclised using hydrazine hydrates and acetic acid to form 1-acetyl-2-pyrazoline. These were condensed with substituted benzaldehydes to give corresponding pyrazolyl chalcones, which were cyclised using guanidine carbonate to obtain 2-pyrazoline-amino pyrimidine hybrids. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by elemental and spectral (1H and 13C NMR, FTIR and Mass) analysis. All the compounds have been screened for their anti-bacterial activity against gram positive bacteria (Bacillus substilis, Streptococcus aureus), gram negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli) and antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger comparable to reference standard ciprofloxacin and fluconazole by agar-well diffusion method. All compounds 4(a-h) exhibited moderate to high activity and showed more pronounced antibacterial activity than antifungal activity. 4h showed dual effect antibacterial as well as antifungal...
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Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2018 in |
The decrease in susceptibility towards commonly administered antibacterial agents is due to excessive use of antibiotics every now and then, due to which the resistance toward these antibiotics is developed in pathogens. To overcome the problem of resistance in pathogenic microbes, the study of incorporation of Selenium metal to probioticts supplement was carried out. Antimicrobial activity of individual broth obtained from five different lactobacillus spp. viz. Lactobacillus helveticas, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus gasseri strains with varying concentration of Selenium (20mg/mL, 40mg/mL, 60mg/mL and 80mg/mL) were studied against pathogens like Staphyllococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Candida albicans. The results showed that the antimicrobial property of the probiotic broth was significantly increased and showed good bacteriostatic activity against on Staphyllococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. The report and such kind of further studies may pave the way for further investigations on the use of pure metals as effective antibacterial agents to overcome the problem of resistance in...
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Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2017 in |
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are the crucial factors, which plays an important role in host defense mechanisms. AMPs are ubiquitous and found in diverse organisms ranging from microorganisms to animals. Plants are the precious source of natural antimicrobial molecules including antimicrobial peptides known as plant antimicrobial peptides (PAMPs). PAMPs can be divided into different families based on their, molecular weight, activity against different microbes, structure, charge of molecules, content of disulphide bond and mechanism of action. Based on number of cysteine residues and disulfide bonds, PAMPs are categorized into six main families. These peptides may lead to degradation of nutrients that are specific or essential for microbes to grow, interfering with microbial membrane or by conflicting with their metabolism. PAMPs exert multiple antimicrobial activities which includes membrane permeabillization, interference with DNA, RNA and protein synthesis that might provide a suitable approach to prevent bacteria from developing resistance. This review provides an overview of all the major plant AMP families including their structure, function, mechanism of action and antimicrobial...
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Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2017 in |
This study was conducted to evaluate the antimicrobial and cellular metabolic inhibitory properties of the ethanolic extract from the bark of ‘Lunas-bagon’, Lunasia sp. Extracts were evaluated using the agar well diffusion method for antimicrobial assay. The standard phytochemical screening was done for the determination of compounds that can be considered toxic and MTT assay for the effects of the extract on cellular metabolism. Results showed that the extracts have ability to inhibit selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial isolates indicating that the extracts are effective antibacterials. Results from the MTT assay revealed at doses lower than 100.0 ug/ml, extracts will not inhibit cellular metabolism of the splenocytes. Higher dose, however shows reduction of metabolic activity which may indicate the onset of apoptosis in cells. Basic biochemical tests indicated the absence of cyanogenic glycosides and anthraquinones, thus the extracts may not have toxic effects. Identification of bioactive compounds in through GC-MS analysis showed the presence of compounds that are known as antimicrobials and also effective in the treatment of selected...
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Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2017 in |
The medicinal plants are the key source in the life of human beings. The present study was aimed to evaluate the preliminary phytochemistry, pharmacognostical and antimicrobial activity of Canthium coromandelicum fruit. The fruit showed the presence of secondary metabolites like flavonoids, steroids, tannins, phenol, sterols, cardiac glycoside and saponin glycoside in various extracts. The pharmacognostical analysis of C. coromandelicum was useful in the identification of authentic samples and recognizing adulterants. The various extracts of C. coromandelicum fruit has shown antimicrobial activity against eight bacterial strains including Gram negative, Gram-positive bacteria, and three fungal strains using agar well diffusion method. The methanolic extract showed the broad spectrum antimicrobial activity compared to petroleum ether and chloroform extracts. Chloroform extract showed high cytotoxicity value with low IC50 values. The antimicrobial studies proved that Canthium coromandelicum fruit has antimicrobial activity against the selected pathogens. The Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay is an excellent predictive tool for the toxic potential of plant extracts in...
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