Posted by admin on Mar 1, 2014 in |
Background: Antimicrobials form an important group of drugs. Increasing prevalence of infections and emergence of resistance to antimicrobials has led to polypharmacy with respect to antimicrobial prescription. Aims and Objectives: To study the prescribing patterns, approval status, adherence to NLEM and WHO-EML and cost of antimicrobials prescribed in surgical departments. Methods: Data was collected from medical records of inpatients that underwent surgical procedures, from SSIMS&RC Teaching Hospital, Davanagere, Karnataka. The antimicrobials were classified based on WHO‐ATC classification and analyzed. Results: Among 464 antimicrobials prescribed to 154 patients, 13.79% were prescribed by generic name, 73.28% were prescribed as parenteral preparations and 16 patients received single antimicrobial agent. Mean duration of hospitalization was 10.56 ± 5.7 days. Beta lactam antimicrobials apart from penicillins (J01D) were the most commonly prescribed. 78.88% of the prescriptions were approved by both DCGI and FDA. 72% of the prescriptions were adhering to the both NLEM and WHO-EML. 72.85% of the prescriptions were single drug formulations. 27.16% were FDCs and 3 of them were not approved either...
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Posted by admin on Jan 1, 2014 in |
The antimicrobial activity of the individual extracts of Doliocarpus dentatus and Montricardia arborescens and combined extracts of both plants were investigated against bacterial strains E. coli, S. aureus and K. pneumoniae using the Disc/ Agar Diffusion method under asceptic conditions. The magnitude of the diameter of the zone of inhibition was used as an indication for antimicrobial susceptibility or potency. Aqueous and C2H5OH extract of Doliocarpus dentatus showed insignificant antimicrobial activities whereas the CH2Cl2 and EtOAC extract of Doliocarpus dentatus were antimicrobial. The area of zone of inhibition ranging from 68.3 mm2 to 89.4 mm2. However, all the extracts of Montricardia arborescens were antimicrobial against all three bacterial strains. The area of zone of inhibition ranging from 68.3 mm2 to 172.6 mm2. The combined extract also showed variation in potency against the three microbial strains with the area of zone of inhibition ranging from 180 mm2 to 368.6...
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Posted by admin on Jan 1, 2014 in |
The present study explores the chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum). Sweet basil essential oil was extracted using a Clevenger type apparatus. The oil yield of sweet basil was found to be 0.171%. A total of 75 compounds representing 99.9% of Sweet basil oil were identified. Linalool (69.85%) was identified as the major component present in sweet basil oil, followed by geraniol (10.850%), 1,8-cineole (6.430%), _ bergamotene (1.635%) and geranyl acetate (1.350%). sweet basil essential oil exhibited strong antibacterial activity against all the bacteria tested except Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The strongest inhibition activity of Sweet basil was observed against Streptococcus pneumoniae 2 (60 mm), Hemophilus influenzae (45 mm), Candida albicans (45 mm), S. pneumoniae 1 (37 mm) and Aspergillus niger (35 mm). Total antioxidants content quantified in Sweet basil essential oil using a commercial kit were found to be 50.32±1.8 mM. The essential oil extracted from Sweet basil was found to have higher linalool content, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities than most of...
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Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2013 in |
Herbal medicine refers to the use of any plant’s seeds, berries, roots, leaves, bark, or flowers for medicinal purposes. Kalanchoe pinnata is known as herbal medicine that having many special advantages. The objective of the study was to scientifically assess antimicrobial activity of 95% ethanolic, methanolic, 60% methanolic and aqueous extract of leaves from Kalanchoe pinnata on Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. It was found that 60% methanolic extract shows best result. The 60% methanolic extracts of the selected plants leaves were taken in different ratio randomly and antimicrobial tests were carried out. The most effective concentration was then determined by comparing the results of the zone of inhibition. Phytochemical screening of 60% methanolic extract was carried out and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was found significant activity against microorganisms. The literature survey show that this plant leaves has only antibacterial activity. But with this research it is conclude that the plant leaves not only have antibacterial activity but also antifungal...
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Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2013 in |
The title compounds (7a-f), (8a-f) and (9a-f) have been prepared from chalcones (6a-f) having s-triazine nucleus. These chalcones on cyclisation with hydroxyl amine hydrochloride in the presence of alkali and malononitrile in the presence of ammonium acetate give isoxazoles (7a-f) and cyanopyridines (8a-f) respectively. Chalcones (6a-f) on condensation with 2-amino thiophenol in the presence of glacial acetic acid give benzothiazepines (9a-f). Structures of newly synthesised compounds were established on the basis of their elemental analysis, IR and 1H NMR. All the synthesised compounds have been screened for their antimicrobial...
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