Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2025 in |
Background: The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among different microbial species increases mortality and morbidity rates and makes healthcare services unaffordable. The pace in acquiring resistance to antimicrobial agents stresses the dire need for novel drug discoveries and defining new drug targets. Objectives: The present study aimed to isolate and identify the fungi from pharmaceutical waste sites, their antifungal profiling and characterization as potential antibiotic producers. Methods: Fungal isolates were primarily screened for antibiotic production following the giant colony method against standard bacterial pathogens and further screened to evaluate their capacity as extracellular antibiotic producers. Antifungal susceptibility testing to commonly prescribe antifungal agents was also performed for the recovered fungal isolates. Result and Conclusion: Total fifteen (n=15) fungal isolates recovered including Aspergillus sp., Alternaria sp., Candida sp., Rhizopus sp., Geotrichum sp., Rhodotorula sp., Pyricularia sp., Trichosporon sp., Trichothecum sp., and Fusarium sp. Cell-free supernatant (CFS) obtained from Geotrichum sp., Fusarium sp. and Trichosporon sp. were extracellular antibiotic producers with maximum zone size of 22mm, 16mm and 14mm respectively against...
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Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2025 in |
Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance is a burning problem globally due to irrational use of antibiotics. Drug utilization study is a strong tool for evaluating rational use of antibiotics. Objective: To evaluate the drug utilization pattern, to assess the risk factors associated with Neonatal sepsis & to encourage rational prescribing for these patients in tertiary care teaching hospital. Materials and Methods: It was a prospective study in NICU of tertiary care hospital for duration of one year. Case record forms were used to collect the information regarding demographic details, maternal and delivery details, symptoms and co-morbidities in neonates with sepsis, final diagnosis and medications administered. Antimicrobials and other drugs use data such as selection of drug, dosage form and route of administration, duration were collected as per WHO guideline for drug utilization study (core indicators) and were analyzed using SPSS. Results and Discussion: Majority of the patient (42.85%) had low birth weight of less than 2.5 kg. Prematurity is a major cause of low birth weight (less than 2.5kg). 82.5% of patients admitted were...
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Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2025 in |
The growing demand for natural excipients has catalysed a shift from synthetic sources toward botanical antioxidants and antimicrobial agents. This study evaluates the antioxidant and antimicrobial effectiveness of aqueous extracts from Annona squamosa Linn. leaves typically considered agro-waste. The aqueous foliar extract underwent comprehensive phytochemical screening, quantification of total phenolic and alkaloid content, and in-vitro antibacterial assessment using the agar well diffusion method. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of glycosides, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, and phenols, correlating with notable antioxidant activity. Quantitative assays demonstrated substantial phenolic and alkaloid concentrations, reinforcing the extract’s bioactive potential. Antimicrobial testing against key bacterial strains Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus highlighted pronounced inhibitory effects, confirming its broad-spectrum antibacterial efficacy. Building on these findings, an herbal lotion was formulated incorporating the extract alongside carefully selected excipients to enhance dermal delivery and stability. The formulation was subjected to rigorous physicochemical evaluation: pH, viscosity, and spread ability measurements confirmed its compatibility with skin application. Further stability studies under varied environmental conditions demonstrated the lotion’s...
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Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2025 in |
Background: Fungal infections, particularly dermatophytosis, affect nearly one-fourth of the global population, with Tinea cruris being prevalent in humid climates. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) exhibit strong antimicrobial particularly antifungal properties and may offer an effective textile-based solution. This study aimed to develop, characterize, and clinically evaluate nanosilver-infused antifungal undergarments to combat recurrent Tinea cruris. Methods: A 95% cotton and 5% elastane fabric blend was treated with a 0.3% nanosilver suspension using the exhaust method. Characterization involved scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to assess nanoparticle deposition. Wash durability was evaluated over 30 cycles. Antimicrobial activity was assessed using AATCC 100:2019 for antibacterial efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae and AATCC Part 3:2017 for antifungal activity against Candida albicans. A prospective, real-world evidence, experimental clinical study was conducted on 90 patients with recurrent tinea cruris who wore nanosilver-infused innerwear for twelve weeks alongside standard antifungal treatment. Clinical outcomes were assessed at four and twelve weeks. Results: SEM-EDX confirmed the successful deposition of AgNPs, while...
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Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2025 in |
The present study investigates the phytochemical composition, antioxidant potential, and antimicrobial efficacy of Aegle marmelos leaf extracts obtained using different solvents aqueous, ethanol, methanol, and hydroalcoholic (70% ethanol). Phytochemical analysis revealed that hydroalcoholic and methanolic extracts contained the highest concentrations of total phenolic, flavonoids, tannins, and alkaloids, while the aqueous extract exhibited the greatest saponin content, highlighting solvent-specific extraction efficiency. The DPPH free radical scavenging assay was employed to evaluate the antioxidant potential of the extracts. The hydroalcoholic extract demonstrated the strongest activity (82.4 ± 1.9% inhibition at 200 µg/mL), followed by methanol (79.2 ± 1.7%), indicating a strong correlation with phenolic and flavonoid contents. Antimicrobial activity was assessed via agar well diffusion against selected bacterial and fungal strains, including multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli (UPEC and EPEC), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus species. Hydroalcoholic and methanolic extracts exhibited notable antimicrobial efficacy, with the hydroalcoholic extract showing the largest zones of inhibition against S. aureus (20 ± 0.4 mm) and C. albicans (19...
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