Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2018 in |
In response to several stressors such as intense light, fish elicit a generalized physiological stress response. Catla catla (61.3 ± 2.1 g) were exposed to five different light intensities of 983 ± 162 lx (L1), 1828 ± 324 lx (L2), 2676 ± 409 lx (L3), 3442 ± 648 lx (L4) and 114 ± 4 lx (Lc, control). Higher light intensities resulted in physiological stress, significantly (P<0.05) higher levels of heat shock protein-70 and heat shock protein-90 were found in both hepatopancreas and muscles of fish exposed at L4 treatment compared to the others to cope up with the stressor. A direct relationship was found between the light intensity and the serum glucose level. Significantly (P<0.05) higher glucose level was found in L4 exposed fish compared to the others. Fish at L4 had aggregated its pigments in the melanophores (punctate stage) to reflect intense light. This study could be useful in understanding the aspects of stress induced changes in fish skin melanophores. As a consequence of stress due to intense...
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Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2018 in |
Organophosphate pesticides are associated with neurotoxicity. Organophosphates are cholinesterase-inhibiting chemicals used predominately as pesticides. These have played a very important role in sustainable production of food, animal feed and as protection against disease vectors. They are also used as chemical warfare agents (nerve agents). The effects of dichlorvos and monocrotophos on brain neurotransmitters are well established. The combined effect of organophosphates (dichlorvos and monocrotophos) was supposed to have synergistic or additive effect on brain neurotransmitters. Combined exposure of dichlorvos and monocrotophos has significant inhibition in acetylcholine esterase activity during both studies of 15 days and 30 days. Levels of nor-epinephrine, dopamine and serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) increased significantly in dichlorvos and monocrotophos exposed animals. However, the increase was more pronounced in monocrotophos alone exposed animals. Thus, contrary to hypothesis, the combined exposure to these toxicants did not produce more pronounced toxicity as compared to their individual exposure except in case of...
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Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2018 in |
Hexane extract of Galangal (Alpinia galanga) rhizome was evaluated for acute dermal, oral and intraperitoneal toxicities using OECD guidelines. The undiluted crude galangal extract showed negligible irritation on non-abraded skin of New Zealand white rabbits with 0.25 primary irritation index whereas the abraded skin of the rabbits showed irritation for all tested dilutions of galangal extracts; 0.75 g/ml, 0.5 g/ml, 0.25 g/ml and 0.125 g/ml. The single oral dose of the Galangal extract at 2000 mg/kg did not produce mortality or significant changes in the general behavior, body weights, feed intake and biochemical analysis (ALT, AST, BUN and creatinine levels) of Wistar rats compared to the control. However, 2000 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg body weight of galangal extract were highly toxic to Wistar rats when administered intraperitoneally. Galangal extract with concen-trations <20 mg/ml were non-irritant on Hen’s egg chorioallantoic membrane which is an alternative to the Draize eye irritation test....
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Posted by admin on May 31, 2018 in |
Microalgae biomass has been recognized to have great potential as a source of novel bioactive compounds with industrial as well as health promoting applications in human, animal and aquatic lives. Microalgae have been gaining attention continuously due to its bioactive compounds. These bioactive compounds are primary and secondary metabolites produced by microalgae in order to adopt adverse environmental conditions. The simple growth requirement, higher mass productivity in short harvesting time making microalgae promising over other natural source of bioactive compounds. Several species of microalgae have undergone various screenings to identify and tap into these valuable resources, among them are the Isochrysis galbana, a brown microalgae belonging the class haptophyta. It is widely used as a feed for marine organism in aquaculture because of its high lipid content. Recently it is found Isochrysis galbana also exhibited the potential of being a source of high-value compounds with distinct biological activities including antitumor, antibacterial, antioxidant properties, anti-inflammatory and hypochloesteromic. These activities have a wide range of applications in various industries that have...
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Posted by admin on May 18, 2018 in |
High fat diet and High fructose intake is the predominant lifestyle change that increased the epidemic of type-2 diabetes. HFD+HF feeding leads to oxidative stress mediated T2D through production of free radicals and decrement of antioxidant enzymes. Our present study focussed on the curbing effect of gymnemic acid on high fat diet and high fructose feeding induced oxidative stress mediated Type 2 diabetes mellitus. A total of 30 rats, 18 diabetic and 12 normal wistar rats were used for this study. Rats were HFD+HF fed and confirmed diabetic then animals were orally treated with gymemic acid (150 mg/kg body weight) daily for 30 days. Gymnemic acid supplementation effectively lowered the blood glucose and lipid levels expect HDL in HFD and HF fed diabetic rats. Free radical scavenging ability of gymnemic acid lead to the decrement of free radicals and thereby preventing macromolecular damage. Islets possess significantly lesser antioxidant potential when compared to other tissues and easily susceptible to oxidative stress under T2D condition. GPx a key antioxidant which can...
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