Posted by admin on Mar 1, 2016 in |
The adverse drug reaction (ADR) programme in India, targeted all healthcare professionals to report the ADRs, however the response is very limited. The ADR reporting is much concentrated to hospital settings and the community pharmacies are unaware of this change. This study was conducted to assess the attitude, knowledge and behaviour of community pharmacists to ADR related aspects. A prospective study carried out over six months, self-prepared validated questionnaire was used. Awareness programme was conducted and a feedback questionnaire was provided. Improvement was seen after awareness programme. The response rate obtained was 93.7%. Pharmacist realizes the benefit a patient can obtain if an ADR is reported and some had noticed ADR. Few pharmacists knew about Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation (CDSCO) as a centre for reporting ADRs. Majority of pharmacists would direct the patients to the physician, in case of occurrences of ADR. According to 26.67% of the pharmacists in the study, busy schedule is considered as a vital factor for under-reporting an ADR.86.67% claimed that the application of...
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Posted by admin on Mar 1, 2016 in |
Scope: In recent years, governments and industries worldwide have invested billions of dollars in nanotechnology research and development, and proponents predict that it will offer numerous benefits to society. Objectives: To evaluate the toxicity of Cerium in nanomaterials and in bulk form in rats by repeated daily oral treatment for 28 days by monitoring the effects on animal and also to assess the hematological and various biochemical parameters in serum and targeted biochemical parameters. Results and discussion: The 28 days repeated dose oral toxicity showed CeO2-NM and CeO2-Bulk did not affect the body weight gain and feed intake of the treated rats. Further, CeO2-NM significantly inhibited some of the hematological parameters like platelets count, granulocytes, % hematocrit and biochemical parameters in both male and female rats in dose dependent manner. However, CeO2-Bulk could not induce any significant alterations in these parameters and the changes were near to control in both male and female treated rats. Conclusion: These results suggested that as particle size decreases, showed increased toxicity, even though...
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Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2016 in |
Seaweed consumption is becoming more popular in Asian population especially the red seaweed, Kappaphycus alvarezii (K. alvarezii). However, there are few reported studies on the safety of K. alvarezii for consumption in Malaysia. This study focuses on the in vivo evaluation of toxicity and heavy metals of K. alvarezii performed in albino rats. K. alvarezii were sent for heavy metal analysis while methanolic extracts of K. alvarezii were administered orally to albino rats (2000mg/kg) daily for a total of 28 days according to Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guidelines. The water level and feed consumption of both groups were observed daily. At day 28th the control and experimental group of rats were sacrificed, blood and organs such as kidney and liver were collected and sent for haematology and biochemical analysis. There was low to no detectable concentration of heavy metals such as arsenic, iron and zinc in K. alvarezii. In addition, the low levels of heavy metals in the K. alvarezii samples did not cause toxicity in...
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Posted by admin on Jan 1, 2016 in |
Microalgal like Chlorella vulgaris, being a unicellular green algae, is been widely studied for nitrogen and phosphorus removal and as potential feedstock for biodiesel production. This not only saves water from eutrophication but also becomes a good source of biodiesel. Hence, if two approaches are combined we can overcome the major challenge of both eutrophication and energy crisis. In the present study we have examined the effect of decreasing Nitrogen and phosphorus concentration in medium on growth, biomass and lipid content of C. vulgaris. Significant decrease in growth and biomass was observed with the decrease of nitrogen and phosphorus concentration in the medium from (1.5g/l to 0.0g/l) and (0.04g/l to 0.0g/l) respectively. Whereas the lipid accumulation showed reverse trend of increase when the concentration of both phosphorus and nitrogen where decreased in medium. At the same time, the effect of variation in pH and saline ranges on growth, biomass and lipid content of C.vulgaris were also evaluated. The growth, biomass and lipid content showed a significant difference due to...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2015 in |
Background: Sepsis is a significant public health concern and is the main cause of death in surgical intensive care units (ICUs). Patients with sepsis have features consistent with immunosuppression. Taurine is rapidly emerging as one of the more interesting amines which has been reported to have immune-modulatory effect through its action on cytokines. Purpose: To determine the effect of using Immune-enhancing enteral nutritional feed containing taurine compared to Standard enteral nutritional feed on clinical outcomes of ICU septic population. Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, controlled study. A total of 45 patients were randomly divided into 3 groups: Group 1 (n=15) received Standard Enteral Nutrition feed for two weeks, Group 2(n=15) received Immune-Enhancing Enteral Nutrition feed containing 10 mg/kg/day of Taurine for two weeks and Group 3(n=15) received Immune-Enhancing Enteral Nutrition feed containing 30 mg/kg/day of Taurine for two weeks. Parameters measured were serum levels of Interleukin-6, Interleukin-10, C-reactive protein and Total leukocyte count. Results: The current study showed that Taurine had immune-modulatory effect by significantly decreasing the level...
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