Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2025 in |
Background: Drug Utilization Study offers useful methods for teaching and training in drug therapy. In our setting, there is no such study that describes the use of drugs post-operatively. As a result, this study was conducted to investigate the post-operative drug utilization pattern in indoor post-operative patients. Aim: To study the prescribing trends of drugs used in indoor adult post operative patients in general surgery unit. Methods: Prospective observational study was conducted in post operative patients in General Surgery wards and ICU for 12 months at a tertiary care teaching hospital. Results: Total 600 cases were studied. Majority of the patients managed were males (64.5%). Most of the patients were in 18-40 years age group (49.66%) and from rural background 69.33% (416). The most common surgical procedure performed was Appendicectomy (29%). A total of 4437 drug products were prescribed. Average number of drugs prescribed per encounter were 7.39±2.56. Only 41.08 % of the drugs were prescribed by Generic name. Antibiotics were prescribed to 99.66% of the encounters. Antibiotics per...
Read More
Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2025 in |
Background: Pharmacology education has evolved with the introduction of competency-based medical education (CBME). Traditional live animal experiments in pharmacology practical face ethical, logistical, and regulatory challenges. Computer-assisted learning (CAL) using animal simulation software offers an alternative that aligns with CPCSEA guidelines, emphasizing the 4Rs (Reduction, Refinement, Replacement, and Rehabilitation). Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of CAL as a teaching-learning and assessment tool for 2nd MBBS students and to analyze student feedback on the use of CAL software in pharmacology practical. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted among 125 2nd MBBS students at Tezpur Medical College. Students participated in a CAL session on the “Effect of drugs on the rabbit eye”. Pre-test and Post-test MCQs scores were recorded. Assessment was conducted using CAL software in an examination mode. Feedback was collected using a structured questionnaire based on the Likert scale. Data analysis was done. Results: The mean pre-test score was 36%, while the post-test score improved significantly to 71% (p<0.05). The proportion of students scoring between...
Read More
Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2025 in |
Smart drug delivery systems are a key innovation in pharmaceutical technology that aims to enhance the efficacy and safety of therapeutic interventions. These systems integrate advanced materials, microelectronics, and responsive mechanisms to deliver drugs in a controlled, targeted, and adaptive manner. The development of smart drug delivery systems is driven by the need to improve patient compliance, minimize side effects, and optimize therapeutic outcomes. These cutting-edge delivery systems utilize various medication carriers, including nanoparticle systems such as inorganic nanoparticles (e.g., magnetic nanoparticles and quantum dots), monoclonal antibodies, microspheres, dendrimers, liposomes, and lipoproteins. The potential of smart drug delivery systems to revolutionize personalized medicine and improve treatment paradigms is critically analyzed. This paper reviews recent innovations in smart drug delivery, highlighting key technologies such as nanoparticle-based carriers, polymeric systems, and stimuli-responsive delivery platform. Emphasis is placed on the mechanisms of drug release, such as pH-sensitive, temperature-sensitive, and biologically triggered systems. Additionally, the integration of real-time monitoring and feedback mechanisms is explored, illustrating how these systems can adjust drug release rates...
Read More
Posted by admin on Mar 31, 2025 in |
The utility of herbal medicines incresed for curative purposes in the past few years. They serve as a curative alternative for a significant section of the worldwide community. Nonetheless, assessing the reliability of such facilities continues to be challenging in guaranteeing their safe use. Acute and subacute toxicity studies were conducted in a rat model. The cytotoxicity assay and AO/PI staining of HALEPR was carried out in an endometrial cell. Acute toxicity was evaluated in female Charles Foster rats over 14 days, revealing no mortality or severe adverse effects, suggesting a Lethal Dose 50 (LD50) above 2000 mg/kg. Subacute toxicity was assessed over 28 days with no significant changes (P < 0.05) in body weight, feed consumption, water intake, or biochemical parameters. Histological examination of organ tissues indicated no notable differences between treated and control groups. The antiproliferative activity of HALEPR was investigated using primary endometrial cell cultures. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay demonstrated a significant apoptotic effect with an IC50 of 41.46 µg/mL. This result was further confirmed...
Read More
Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2025 in |
Psychrozymes, a diverse set of cold-active enzymes produced by psychrophiles including β-galactosidases, pectinases, and amylases which are examined for their specific benefits across various food processing domains. An in-depth exploration of psychrophiles in cold fermentation processes reveals their pivotal role in shaping the sensory attributes of fermented foods and beverages. Psychrophiles contribute to nuanced flavour profiles and distinctive textures, positioning them as catalysts for innovation in cold fermentation. Psychrophiles in bio-preservation have led to advancements in cold-chain technologies, which extend the shelf life of refrigerated and frozen foods while minimizing energy consumption, providing sustainable solutions. This paper highlights food biotechnological applications, showcasing psychrophiles role in advancing brewing and bioconversion of agricultural byproducts, their influence in baking, flavouring, meat tenderization, cheese production, and animal feed formulation. Additionally, this paper also deals with the mechanism and factors contributing to survival of psychrophiles in cold temperatures. Psychrophiles transcend traditional boundaries, impacting sensory attributes and nutritional profiles across a variety of food...
Read More
