Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2022 in |
Aggressive behavior is an important prerequisite for acquiring and maintaining feeding resources, territory and mating partners and, therefore, for the survival of an individual and the species. However, dysregulation of aggression among conspecifics can lead to severe injury and death. Aggression is prominently seen when a disturbance occurs in the fine balance of neurotransmitters such as 5-hydroxytryptamine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, dopamine, and receptor subtypes. The current study evaluated the in-vivo anti-aggressive potential of a standardized extract of Alstonia scholaris leaves. The extract of Alstonia scholaris was evaluated for its potential effects against defensive and offensive aggressive behavior models of rodents by oral administration at 250, 500 mg/kg BW dose levels once daily for 14 consecutive days as a suspension in a carboxymethylcellulose CMC, diazepam 1 mg/kg, p.o. was used as a standard anti-aggressive agent. Control group animals were given an equal volume of vehicle 10%, v/v, CMC suspension. The anti-aggressive activity was evaluated using the following validated models of aggression, viz.: Isolation-Induced Aggression, Resident-Intruder Aggression, and Water Competition Test, in...
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Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2022 in |
Single Cell Protein (SCP) refers to the dead, dried cells of various microbes, including bacteria, yeast, algae, and fungi. This type of biomass can be obtained from economically cheap substrates like agro-wastes as a non-conventional proteintious source for human or animal feed. The bioconversion of Darjeeling mandarin peels into single-cell protein (SCP) was performed using Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus oryzae, by submerged fermentation. The study revealed that supplementing Darjeeling mandarin peels with inorganic nitrogen and glucose as carbon sources improved the fungal biomass and single-cell protein production. Aspergillus niger showed the highest biomass and protein yield of 2.53±0.005gm/l and 1.25 gm/l or 43.57±0.00%, respectively. The present study revealed that fungal biomasses had shown crude fat (ranging from to1.16gm/l), crude fiber (ranging from 0.06±0.001to1.97 gm/l), and total genomic DNA content (from 1.85±0.001-2.20±0.001%). Maximum ash content was observed by A. niger biomass in GMPM (3.89%). A. niger converted sugar 71.4% to yield biomass. A. niger and A. oryzae were useful for producing fungal biomass from Darjeeling mandarin...
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Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2022 in |
Epilepsy is an achronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures. There is a positive feedback cycle between epileptogenesis and brain inflammation. It has been proved that COX 2 is expressed constitutively in certain parts of the CNS and is further induced as a result of seizurogenic activity. Of the various experimental models of epilepsy, one is the maximal electroshock (MES) model, which is highly predictive of AED against GTCS. Other is the pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) model, which is useful in the AEDs activity against absence seizures. The present study was done to evaluate the antiepileptic effect of selective COX 2 inhibitor celecoxib in MES and PTZ models in mice and to see the differential effect of celecoxib in electrically chemically induced seizures. In the first part of the study, Celecoxib (2.5mg/kg, 5mg/kg & 10mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally in albino mice. MES was induced, and durations of various phases were noted. Duration of Tonic hind limb extension was taken as an index of antiepileptic activity. The results indicated that celecoxibin, the...
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Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2022 in |
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a life-threatening condition with the highest mortality rate of all psychiatric disorders. The core physiological features of ANare the extreme overvaluation of shape and weight. Severe AN causes cardiovascular complications and majorly refeeding syndrome. The prominent features of refeeding syndrome include severe hypo-phosphatemia, hypokalemia and hypomagnesia, and other fluid imbalance abnormalities, vitamin deficiencies, volume overload, and edema. Most cases are brought to clinical attention only when there are severe somatic complaints. According to the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) classification, the patients with AN present chronic disease-related malnutrition without inflammation with different degrees of severity. To be diagnosed with anorexia nervosa a person must meet all of the current DSM 5 criteria. We cannot pinpoint a single cause for anorexia nervosa. It is caused by the complex interaction of various genetic and psychosocial factors, other risk factors include: stress, social isolation, poor emotion regulation strategies, and general psychiatric co-morbidities. In anorexia, Nutritional supplements can improve weight gain, which can reverse the abnormal hematological factors,...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2022 in |
Remarkable numbers of people have a false belief in naturally obtained herbal medicines as they are safe to use, omitting the fact that herbal medicines have pharmacological action like allopathic medicines. Many plants are poisonous and there is less safety data available for herbal medicines. Adverse drug reactions associated with herbal medicines are overdose and toxicity, herb interactions and hypersensitivity reactions. The potential side effects, the quantity of intake, risk of herbal medicines should be adequately developed. Herbal medicines, which are well studied, are not tested in the groups of the population like pediatrics, pregnant or breastfeeding women, geriatrics, or people with multiple co-morbidities. Many herbal medicines are under-examined, and their harmful effects sun known. The patients cannot be intimated properly about the risks and benefits unless the physician fails to show evidence about potency or side-effects of herbal medicines. The high demand for standard herbal medicines puts pressure on high-demand species and plants, leading to the extinction of selected species and plants. It is essential to take measures...
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