Volume 17 (2026) - Issue 4, April
Review Articles
REVIEW OF OVER-THE-COUNTER TOPICAL ANALGESIC PRODUCTS AVAILABLE IN AUSTRALIA
Over-the-counter (OTC) topical analgesics are widely available in Australia and can be purchased without a prescription. These products are typically marketed as treatments for arthritic pain or muscle soreness. There is currently no literature examining the active compounds/botanical extracts usually incorporated in these products, especially relating to products which have not been independently...
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IN-SILICO TOXICITY PREDICTION TOOLS: A REVIEW OF TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS
A vital tool in drug discovery and development, in-silico toxicity prediction tools and algorithms provide economical, time-efficient and morally sound substitutes for traditional in-vitro and in-vivo toxicological testing. Computational techniques are essential to predict the possible toxicity and side effects prior to clinical testing because of the ever-increasing complexity of pharmaceutical c...
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ALZHEIMER’S TODAY: THE BREAKTHROUGHS AND HURDLES IN MANAGING THE DISEASE
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and leading cause of dementia, imposing a rapidly growing clinical and socioeconomic burden worldwide. This narrative review summarizes current understanding of AD pathophysiology, advances in diagnostics, and emerging therapeutic approaches. Hallmark mechanisms include amyloid-β plaque deposition, tau hyperphosphorylation, mi...
995
638
EXPLORING PLANT-BASED MILK ALTERNATIVES: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
The consumption of plant-based milk alternatives has increased substantially in recent years, driven by health concerns, environmental awareness and evolving lifestyle preferences. Many consumers choose these products to manage cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA) or lactose intolerance (LI), while others adopt them as part of plant-forward or vegan dietary patterns. Plant-based milks produced from...
1246
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AN EXTENSIVE REVIEW OF THE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY PROPERTIES OF INDIAN SUB-CONTINENTAL WILD PLANTS
Process by which your body's white blood cells and the things they make protect you from injury or infection from outside invaders, is known as inflammation. These days, inflammation is treated mostly with NSAIDs. Medications, raise the risk of blood clots, leading serious cardiovascular problems like heart attacks and strokes. Therefore, the research is currently being done to develop powerful an...
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OCULAR DRUG DELIVERY: INSIGHTS TO BARRIERS AND STRATEGIC APPROACHES FOR ENHANCED THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY
Ophthalmic drug delivery is a highly complicated task to actively target the internal structures of the eye. The eye being a very delicate organ is protected by multiple physiological barriers which include corneal epithelium, blood ocular -barriers, conjunctiva etc. which limits the transport of lipophilic and hydrophilic molecules across the various layers of the eye making it difficult to targe...
1243
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THE ROLE OF CHIRALITY IN DRUG DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT
The chirality, which plays an important role in pharmaceutical chemistry, which is non-superimposable mirror image of a molecule (enantiomers). Enzymes and receptors are chiral biological systems that hence, drug enantiomers tend to have different pharmacological and toxicological characteristics. The problem of chirality in clinical significance was brought to the forefront because of the Tragedy...
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ROLE OF GELUCIRE IN SOLUBILITY ENHANCEMENT: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of Gelucire as an effective excipient for improving the solubility and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. Gelucire, a family of lipid-based, amphiphilic excipients, has emerged as a valuable carrier for enhancing the solubility and dissolution of poorly soluble drugs. Gelucire combines hydrophilic polyethylene glycol esters a...
725
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PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECTS AND HEALTH BENEFITS OF SELAVU RASAM: A TRADITIONAL SOUTH INDIAN FUNCTIONAL FOOD
SelavuRasam, a traditional South Indian soup, represents a unique intersection of culinary heritage and medicinal practice. Rooted in Ayurvedic and Siddha systems, it is increasingly recognized as a functional food with therapeutic potential. This study explores its pharmacological properties and health benefits, emphasizing the synergistic effects of its diverse ingredients. Core spices such as b...
852
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TRADITIONAL HERBS IN MODERN HYGIENE: A REVIEW ON PHARMACOGNOSTICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYHERBAL PLANTS
The growing interest in herbal medicine highlights the need to explore traditional plant-based therapeutics through modern pharmacognostic approaches. The review focuses on five well-documented polyherbal agents Ponamia pinnata, Azadirachta indica, Ocimum tenuiflorum, Rubia cordifolia and Eclipta alba valued in both ethnomedicine and pharmaceutical research. These plants are rich in phytoconstitue...
663
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Research Articles
PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF EUCALYPTUS OIL LOADED FAST DISSOLVING ORAL FILMS EMPLOYING DIVERSE POLYMERIC BASES
Background: Fast-dissolving oral films (FDFs) represent a modern drug delivery system designed to disintegrate rapidly in the mouth without water, making them highly suitable for pediatric and geriatric populations. Eucalyptus oil, rich in 1,8-cineole, is utilized for its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and soothing effects on oral and respiratory conditions. Integrating this essential oil into ...
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EVALUATION OF COMPRESSION AND COMPACTION CHARACTERISTICS OF PARACETAMOL TABLET USING FORMULATED CO-PROCESSED BINDER EXCPIENTS FROM PLANTAIN STARCH AND TRAGACANTH GUM
Purpose: The research developed a co-processed excipient from primary excipients. The novel excipients obtained from mixture of plantain starch and tragacanth gum were added to paracetamol granulation. This was with a view to enhance production of tablet with higher mechanical integrity without compromising its disintegration in gut or aqueous medium. Method: Unripe but mature plantain fruits were...
1059
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IN-VITRO EVALUATION OF THE ANTICANCER POTENTIAL OF IRUNELLI KARPAM, A CLASSICAL SIDDHA FORMULATION, AGAINST TRIPLE-NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER CELLS
Breast carcinoma continues to pose significant healthcare challenges globally, contributing substantially to oncological morbidity and mortality rates, thereby highlighting the urgent need for enhanced therapeutic strategies with improved safety profiles. Traditional Siddha medicine offers valuable resources for the development of potential anticancer compounds. Irunelli Karpam, a classical Siddha...
1048
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METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF ANALYTICAL METHOD FOR ESTIMATION OF GENOTOXIC IMPURITIES IN TRAZODONE HCL DRUG SUBSTANCEUSING UFLC-MS/MS (ESI)
Due of their ability to damage DNA, genotoxic impurities (GTIs) in active pharmaceutical substances need strict analytical control. Trace process-related GTIs may be present in trazodone hydrochloride, an antidepressant made using multi-step synthetic processes. Nevertheless, there is currently no approved analytical technique for the simultaneous determination of all significant GTIs related to i...
987
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PHARMACOPOEIAL STANDARDIZATION AND QUALITY PROFILING OF PARANGI KASHAYAM: A TRADITIONAL SIDDHA FORMULATION
Parangi Kashayam is a traditional Siddha decoction used for Perumootu vatham (Osteoarthritis) that lacks established pharmacopoeial standards despite its clinical use. This study aimed to develop comprehensive quality control parameters following PLIM guidelines through physicochemical profiling, chromatographic fingerprinting, and safety validation. Authenticated herbs including Smilax china, Zin...
996
613
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF BILAYER TABLETS OF TENOFOVIR AND SILYMARIN FOR HEPATITIS INDUCED LIVER CIRRHOSIS
Background: Chronic hepatitis B requires effective antiviral therapy combined with hepatoprotective support to manage liver function and prevent disease progression. Bilayer tablets provide a versatile platform to deliver drugs with distinct pattern of the drug release exhibited by a single dosage form. Objective: The study aimed to develop a bilayer tablet containing an immediate-release layer of...
793
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CO-CRYSTALLIZATION ENABLED CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL AND HYDRO-CHLOROTHIAZIDE TABLETS FOR IMPROVED BIO AVAILABILITY IN HYPERTENSION MANAGEMENT
Background: Hypertension often requires combination therapy for effective control. The combined use of candesartan cilexetil and hydrochlorothiazide is limited by poor water solubility and low oral bioavailability. Co-crystallization with suitable co-formers can improve solubility and dissolution, thereby enhancing therapeutic efficacy. Objective: This study aimed to create and assess an immediate...
741
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POPULATION-BASED BIOINFORMATIC CHARACTERIZATION OF VKORC1 GENE VARIANTS INFLUENCING WARFARIN SENSITIVITY-A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY
Background: Warfarin dosing varies greatly between individuals and across populations, and much of this variation is driven by polymorphisms in the VKORC1 gene. Understanding how these variants influence gene expression and function is crucial for improving dose accuracy and preventing complications. Objective: To characterise key VKORC1 variants using an in-silico approach and to assess how their...
811
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A PROSPECTIVE INTERVENTIONAL STUDY TO MONITOR, EVALUATE AND IMPROVE THE MEDICATION RECONCILIATION PROCESS IN GERIATRIC INPATIENTS AT MAJOR TRAUMA CARE CENTRE BY THE INCORPORATION OF MATCH TOOLKIT – A CLINICAL PHARMACIST PERSPECTIVE
Background: Medication reconciliation is an essential step in ensuring patient safety, particularly among the elderly, who are more prone to medication-related errors. Discrepancies often occur during transitions of care due to incomplete communication or missing medication details. Clinical pharmacists play a key role in minimizing such errors by carefully reviewing and reconciling medications. O...
649
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GC-MS ANALYSIS OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM STEM, ROOT AND CALLUS CULTURES OF CARALLUMA STALAGMIFERA C.E.C. FISCH
The present study investigates the GC–MS profiling of stem, root, and in-vitro–derived callus cultures of Caralluma stalagmifera C.E.C. Fisch., an Apocynaceae succulent endemic to Southern India, commonly known as the “dark purple Caralluma,” and traditionally valued for its anti-obesity, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. The major bioactive consti...
762
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PHARMACOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF COCCINIA GRANDIS LEAVES FOR NEPHROPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY
The nephroprotective activity of the methanolic extract of Coccinia grandis (MECG) leaves was evaluated against acetaminophen-induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar albino rats. Wistar albino rats (150–200 g) were divided into six groups, and nephrotoxicity was induced using acetaminophen (750 mg/kg) administered on alternate days for 10 days. MECG was administered at doses of 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg,...
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A NOVEL EXTRACTION AND LC–MS/MS-QTOF BASED METABOLITE PROFILING COUPLED WITH ADMET AND PASS SERVER PREDICTION UNVEILS ANTI-HIV LEADS FROM OCIMUM TENUIFLORUM L.
The present study aimed to identify potential anti-HIV phytoconstituents from Ocimum tenuiflorum through a novel extraction strategy combined with LC–MS/QTOF-based phytochemical profiling, ADMET and PASS server predictions, HIV target proteins to elucidate bioactive compounds with promising antiviral potential. The LC-MS analysis of the extract revealed the presence of 17 compounds, including fl...
686
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KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND PRACTICE STUDY OF ADVERSE EVENTS FOLLOWING IMMUNISATION WITH REGARD TO COVID VACCINES AMONG MBBS STUDENTS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Aim: To evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) related to Adverse Events Following Immunisation (AEFI) of COVID-19 vaccines among MBBS students of Madras Medical College. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted using a Google Forms questionnaire circulated via e-mail and WhatsApp. A total of 256 MBBS students participated in the study. Responses related to...
713
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PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION AND EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITIES OF SEEDS OF SARACA ASOCA ROXB. DE WILDE
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic and major endocrine disorder caused by an inherited and/or acquired deficiency in the production of insulin by the pancreas, or by the ineffectiveness of the insulin produced. It is a growing health problem in most countries, and its incidence is considered to be high (4%-5%) all over the world. In the present scenario, the demand for herbal products is growing ...
643
359
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY GUIDED PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS PROFILING OF PONGAMIA PINNATA SEED EXTRACT
The current study investigates the antimicrobial activity of different extracts and fractions of P. pinnata using a chemical profiling approach to identify bioactive compounds responsible for its antimicrobial potential. Various fractions (hexane, chloroform, butanol and methanolic) were prepared from the seeds of the plant and tested against two different bacterial strains Salmonella abony (gram ...
813
439
PHARMACOGNOSTICAL AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGICAL INSIGHTS INTO PIPER LONGUM L. LEAVES WITH GC–MS AND HPTLC FINGERPRINTING
Background: Piper longum L. (long pepper) is a well-known Ayurvedic medicinal plant used for metabolic, inflammatory, and infectious disorders, yet its leaves remain relatively underexplored despite their traditional relevance. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the pharmacognostic, phytochemical, and pharmacological properties of Piper longum leaves, focusing on their antidiabetic, anti-i...
1219
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FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ANTIARTHRITIC HERBAL TOPICAL GEL
Objective: Curcuma longa and Boswellia serrata are traditional medicinal plants that have antiarthritic activity. The present research is intended to formulate a novel antiarthritic topical gel from the extract of Curcuma longa and Boswellia serrata which will increase patient compliance and stability as compared to the conventional dosage form. Material and Method: In this investigation, we creat...
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KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND PRACTICES OF PHARMACISTS REGARDING UTILISATION OF GENERIC MEDICINES IN JAIPUR
Objective: Government initiatives such as the Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY) under the Ayushman Bharat scheme have sought to expand access to healthcare, including the promotion of generics. Pharmacists, as primary intermediaries between manufacturers and consumers, play a crucial role in shaping public perceptions and promoting the uptake of generic medicines. This study aims to invest...
626
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PHARMACOTHERAPY OF SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES IN PATIENTS VISITING A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL – AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
Introduction: Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are a broad modern category referring to a variety of pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa, which manifest themselves in an equally wide variety of clinical symptoms. More than one million STDs are acquired every day worldwide. Objective: To evaluate the drugs prescribed to patients diagnosed with sexually transmitted diseas...
633
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A STUDY ON SELF-MEDICATION PRACTICES AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG MBBS STUDENTS IN DURGAPUR, WEST BENGAL
Background: Self-medication is the practice of using drugs without the guidance of a trained health care professional. With the increase in antimicrobial resistance among the masses, this study aims to find the prevalence & behavioral pattern of the practice of self-medication among undergraduate medical students. Materials & Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out amo...
674
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IN-VITRO CYTOTOXIC STUDY OF NATURAL POLYSACCHARIDE ISOLATED FROM T. CORDIFOLIA FRUIT
The polysaccharide-derived polymers can play an integral and versatile role in the novel drug delivery system for a variety of therapeutic agents in the biological system. In this research, natural polysaccharide isolated to evolve natural polymer-based innovative drug delivery carriers to provide maximum therapeutic effect and minimize clinical complications, which could also be a step towards bi...
691
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PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTI-DIABETIC ACTIVITY OF DIANTHUS CHINENSIS EXTRACT ON EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL
The study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical composition, antioxidant potential, and anti-diabetic activity of Dianthus chinensis flower extract. Petroleum ether and methanol were used for extraction, with the methanolic extract showing higher yield and richer phytochemical content. Quantitative analysis revealed notable levels of total phenolic content (78.9 mg/g gallic acid equivalent) and tota...
722
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