Volume 13 (2022) - Issue 12, December
Review Articles
THE POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS OF PLANT-BASED ANTI-CANCER COMPOUNDS AND THEIR CHEMICAL DERIVATIVES
Cancer has evolved as a detrimental disorder alongside cardiovascular diseases. Plant-derived natural products have been the most successful source of potential anti-cancer drugs and for the isolation and characterization of novel compounds. Till now, only about 10% of the world’s biodiversity has been assessed for biological activity and numerous useful natural lead compounds are expected to be...
1076
685
ADVANCEMENTS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES OF 1, 2, 3 TRIAZOLE SCAFFOLD AS PROMISING ANTIVIRAL AGENT IN DRUG DISCOVERY
Severe viral infections like Covid-19 are emerging now a day and are the common causes of human illness and death. Presently, we have a limited availability of antiviral chemotherapeutic agents to prevent and treat these infections, so it is the need of an hour to develop potential antiviral drugs against various harmful and fatal viral infections. A large quantity of research has been performed o...
668
405
CRITICAL INSIGHT INTO THE GLOBAL EPIDEMIOLOGY OF VIRAL HEPATITIS ALONG WITH METHODS OF PREVENTION
Even though viral hepatitis is a major public health concern around the world. It now has the attention and financial support of global health decision-makers. Every year, over 1.4 million individuals die due to viral hepatitis-related cirrhosis and liver cancer, with the majority of the population being unaware of their illness. This demographic has numerous challenges, including a profound ignor...
523
307
A CONCISE REVIEW ON NOVEL APPROACH FOR CHALLENGING PHARMACEUTICALS THROUGH SELF – MICRO EMULSIFYING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM (SMEDDS)
SMEDDS are formulated to improve the oral bioavailability of lipophilic drugs. It is an isotropic mixture of compounds like oil, surfactant, co-surfactant, and drug having the unique ability to form fine o/w micro-emulsion by agitation and diluted with GI fluid. Its liquid formulation technique enhanced the absorption and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs but also had a few drawbacks l...
1134
595
PHARMACEUTICAL POTENTIAL OF A RESOURCEFUL NITROGEN-CONTAINING HETEROCYCLE: PYRAZOLINE-A REVIEW
Heterocyclic chemistry has grown very rapidly, particularly in evaluating synthetic methods and investigating synthesized materials' bioactive properties. Heterocycle compounds are important in many facets of life's pharmacological activities. In their structure, many biologically active compounds such as amino acids, vitamins, hormones, nucleic acids, alkaloids, dyes, and drugs (natural and synth...
601
302
VALIDATED SPECTROSCOPIC AND CHROMATOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES FOR QUALITY CONTROL ANALYSIS OF APIGENIN IN HERBAL MEDICINES
The herbal medicines have been largely used since form several thousands of years in all developing and developed countries in the primary health care of community and society. Flavonoids are the class of polyphenolic secondary metabolites, which are mainly found in plants. Apigenin is a flavonoid which shows several pharmacological activities and used effectively for the management and treatment ...
451
276
PLANT MOLECULAR PHARMING: THE FUTURE OF PHARMACEUTICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
Plants are the natural sources of a vast diversity of molecules, exploited for the benefit of human health. They are the factories synthesizing proteins, carbohydrates, secondary metabolites, and biopolymers. Further, converting these molecules into antioxidants, pharmaceuticals, food, and biofuels is a major industrial process. Plants are becoming significant sources for producing pharmaceuticall...
447
339
A REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR ESTIMATION OF LEVOCETIRIZINE AND MONTELUKAST SODIUM IN COMBINED PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORMS
Beginning from simple analytical methods to the recent development of advanced hyphenated techniques stages, various analytical methods have been designed for the multicomponent analysis of drugs. Simultaneous estimation of drugs in the combined dosage form is vital in the pharmaceutical analysis since it is cost-effective and time-saving. Levocetirizine, the R-enantiomer of Cetirizine, is a perip...
717
486
THE PATHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION: A TABOO OF SEXUAL HEALTH
Normally, there are two major sexual grievances in men; Erectile dysfunction or impotence and premature ejaculation. Premature ejaculation (PE) is a condition where the orgasm or the emission of semen occurs sooner during sexual intercourse. Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a sexual dysfunction mainly characterized by the inability to either develop an erection or maintain an erection of the penis dur...
425
275
EPIDEMIOLOGY, MUTATIONS AND IMPACT OF NEW OMICRON VARIANT (B.1.1.529): A REAL GLOBAL THREAT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC
The recent emergence of the Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) of SARS‐CoV‐2 has added alarm to the eternal flame of the global COVID‐19 pandemic. Omicron was first identified in Botswana in November 2021. The omicron is thought to be at least three times more infectious than the previous variants. Omicron can cause diseases varying from asymptomatic, mild, and severe infection and people have died...
407
220
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF VANDA ROXBURGHII: TRADITIONAL USES, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE
In order to discover new treatments for a wide range of ailments, ethnopharmacological research has investigated different leads from plants. In nature, the Orchidaceae family's Vanda roxburghii is found in Bangladesh and India. As a remedy for dyspepsia, bronchitis, and inflammations, as well as for rheumatoid arthritis and bronchitis, various portions of the plant are employed. A number of the p...
623
289
Research Articles
CYTOTOXICITY EVALUATION OF MORINGA OLEIFERA (M. OLEIFERA) LAM. FLOWERS ON HUMAN LIVER CANCER CELL LINE AND A. SALINA (BRINE SHRIMP) MODELS
Moringa oleifera Lam is a fast-growing deciduous tree widely cultivated in tropical and sub-tropical regions. All parts of the plant have widely acclaimed nutrition and health-promoting values, but little has been done regarding the toxicity. This study evaluated the safety of different extracts from Moringa flowers using brine shrimp and cell line models. The effect of different concentrations (0...
885
405
DIVALENT METAL COMPLEX OF COUMARIN: SYNTHESIS & CYTOTOXIC EVALUATION
Introduction: Coumarins are secondary metabolites widely spread in nature. Due to their broad pharmacological activities, many natural and synthetic coumarins and more complex related derivatives are of interest. The coumarin is extremely variable in structure due to the various types of substitutions in their basic structure, influencing their biological activity. Metal complexes of coumarins obt...
646
461
HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF RUNGIA PARVIFLORA AGAINST THIOACETAMIDE INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN WISTAR RATS
Rungia parviflora belongs to the family Acanthaceae (Linn.). The dried and powdered leaves were extracted with ethanol in Soxhlet’s apparatus for 12 hrs. The extract was subjected to toxicity studies at the doses of 5, 50, 300, and 2000 mg/kg under the observation of 24 hrs. An acute toxicity study of ethanolic extract was found to be toxic (1/2 of rats died) at a dose of 2000 mg/kg, orally. Hen...
541
308
NICKEL OXIDE NANOPARTICLES SYNTHESIS BY CHEMICAL REDUCTION TECHNIQUE AND IT’S APPLICATION AS ANTIMICROBIAL AND DYE DEGRADING AGENT
Nanoparticles are fascinating materials that find many applications in basic and applied research. The chemical reduction technique is one of the easiest methods for synthesizing Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles (NiO NPs) in low-temperature ranges. Nickel Nitrate Hexahydrate (Ni(NO3)2.6H2O), Ascorbic acid, NaOH, and NaBH4 were applied as starting reagents to synthesize NiO NPs. Noble metal oxide nanopar...
777
416
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL PROTOCOL TO FIND OUT THE MODE OF ACTION OF FUNGUS BEAUVERIA BASSIANA (BALSAMO) PREPARATION ON MIDGUT OF FOURTH IN STAR LARVAE OF ANOPHELES STEPHENSI (L.)
The effect of many plant extracts and microbial biopesticides on insects' different developmental stages and physiology have been widely studied from time to time, but the effect of microbial biopesticides on the mosquito tissues, especially mid gut tissues, is very few. Since the malaria vector is one of the most important inclusions in human health and mosquito-borne diseases represent a great h...
510
307
CUTANEOUS WOUND HEALING BY VERNONIA ARBOREA EXTRACTS IN ADULT ZEBRAFISH MODEL
Cutaneous wound healing starts with an acute inflammatory phase marked by secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators that enhance infiltration of leukocytes with a peak in the first 24 to 48 h. This resolves to enable the continuation of other phases in series, namely, the proliferative, re-epithelialization, vascularisation, and tissue remodelling phases. The study uses a mechanical device, for the ...
502
251
A NEW RP-UPLC METHOD DEVELOPED FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF TELMISARTAN AND AZELNIDIPINE IN DOSAGE FORMS
A new, precise, and sensitive ultra-performance liquid chromatography method for simultaneous estimating Telmisartan and Azelnidipine in bulk and tablet dosage form was developed and validated. The chromatographic separation was achieved by using the HSS C18 (100 x 2.1 mm, 1.8m) column. A mixture of buffer and ACN (70:30 v/v) was pumped through the column at a flow rate 0.3 mL/min. The temperature...
455
261
COMPARISON OF FUNCTIONAL AND RADIOLOGICAL OUTCOMES BETWEEN CANNULATED CANCELLOUS SCREW FIXATION AND TENSION BAND WIRING IN CLOSED MEDIAL MALLEOLUS FRACTURES
Introduction: Medial malleolus fractures are among the most common fractures encountered around the ankle joint. This study was performed to assess the functional outcome between cannulated cancellous screw fixations versus tension band wiring in managing these fractures. Method: A total of 30 patients were selected and were randomly segregated into two groups, Group A and Group B. Group A patient...
460
303
EVALUATION OF FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME OF MINIMALLY INVASIVE PLATE OSTEOSYNTHESIS (MIPO) IN PROXIMAL TIBIA FRACTURES
Introduction: Proximal tibia is a weight-bearing area, and treating these fractures is challenging. Various treatment options will be closed reduction and casting, Open reduction and internal fixation with plate osteosynthesis, and minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO). The advantage of MIPO in this type of fracture is that it requires only minimal exposure for stable fixation and will gi...
416
260
COMPARISON OF FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME AND PAIN RELIEF BETWEEN STEROID INJECTION AND PLATELET RICH PLASMA INJECTION IN EARLY OSTEO ARTHRITIS KNEE
Introduction: Osteoarthritis Knee (OA) is the most common form of joint disability in elderly individuals. Various treatment modalities have been established for OA. This study is to compare the functional outcome and pain relief following IA (intraarticular) steroid versus PRP (platelet-rich plasma) injection. Methods: In this study 30, patients were selected and segregated into two groups 15 eac...
618
303
HPLC METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF SPIRONOLACTONE IN TABLET DOSAGE FORMS IN PRESENCE OF IMPURITIES AND DEGRADANTS
An isocratic reversed-phase HPLC method was developed and validated to estimate and separate spironolactone and its related substances in its tablet dosage forms. Estimation and separation were achieved on Symmetry C-8 analytical column (150X3.9) mm, 5µm, using Water, Tetrahydrofuran (THF), and Acetonitrile (ACN) in the ratio of 77:21:2 v/v as mobile phase at the flow rate of 20 µl. UV photodiod...
612
283
PATTERN, CAUSALITY ASSESSMENT AND SEVERITY OF SUSPECTED ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS REPORTED AT TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL
Background: Present study was conducted to evaluate pattern, causal association and severity of suspected Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) at a tertiary care teaching hospital in western India. Materials & Method: Spontaneous collection of suspected ADRs was done over a period of one year. Demographic data, suspected drug group/s, causal association, severity & preventability scale from the r...
430
239
COMPARISON OF POVIDONE-IODINE VS CHLOROHEXIDINE IN PRE-OPERATIVE SKIN PREPARATION IN ELECTIVE ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY CASES
Introduction: SSI (Surgical site infection) is the dreaded complication following orthopaedic surgery. The main source of surgical site infection is the patient's own skin flora. So skin preparation plays a major role in preventing the SSI. This study aims to compare povidone-iodine and 2% chlorohexidine alcohol in pre-operative skin preparation in elective orthopedic surgery and followed uo for 4...
433
208
COMPARISON OF FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME BETWEEN COMPRESSION SCREWS WITH BUTTRESS PLATE AND COMPRESSION SCREWS FOR HOFFA FRACTURE – A PROSPECTIVE STUDY
Background: Hoffa fracture management is almost always surgical since it involves the intraarticular part of the femur. It can be managed either with cannulated cancellous screw alone or with the addition of a buttress plate. The study aimed to evaluate and compare the functional outcome of fracture fixation between the CC screw &CC screw with a buttress plate. Method: This was a prospective s...
391
191
EFFICACY OF PLATELET-RICH PLASMA (PRP) VS CORTICOSTEROID INJECTION IN PLANTAR FASCIITIS
Introduction: Plantar fasciitis is one of the more common causes of pain in the heel, as seen in non-traumatic patients. When the conservative treatments fail, Corticosteroid injection and Autologous Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) injection will provide good pain relief. The study was performed to compare the functional outcomes following PRP and steroid injection and to identify which modality provid...
450
209
EVIDENCE FOR THE ROLE OF NOR-ADRENERGIC AND SEROTONERGIC SYSTEMS BUT NOT THE OPIOID SYSTEM IN THE ANTIDEPRESSANT ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF ABELMOSCHUS ESCULENTUS SEEDS IN THE MOUSE FORCED SWIM TEST
Background: Depression is a state of mental illness characterized by long-lasting moods of desolation. Typical to atypical antidepressants are available in modern medicine for depression therapy, but the side effects are still questionable. Aqueous extract of Abelmoschus esculentus seeds (AEAES) from the Okra has been chosen for the study. AEAES has already been shown to exhibit an antidepressant-...
376
182
VALIDATION OF TRADITIONAL SIDDHA ANTHROPOMETRIC DIAGNOSTIC METHODOLOGY MAṆIKKAṬAI-NŪL- AN OBSERVATIONAL FIELD STUDY
Maṇikkaṭai-nūl (MK) is an exclusive diagnostic method particular to Siddha Medicine, where the subject's Finger breadths (FB) calculated from the Antebrachial circumference (ABC) is accessed for predicting the symptom, disease, or the pathological sequence. The present observational field studies (Study 1 & 2) aim to validate the clinical significance of MK as a reliable diagnostic tool....
775
303
ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF PLAGIOCHASMA APPENDICULATUM AND PELLIA ENDIVIIIFOLIA
Bryophytes are the closest modern relatives of the predecessors to the earliest terrestrial plants and have shown to be brilliant chemists since they have long been a favorite treatment among tribal peoples all over the world, who use its pharmacological characteristics to treat a wide range of ailments. As bryophytes' Phytochemistry contains a diverse range of biologically active compounds such a...
397
208
COMPARISON OF SARS CoV-2 RT-PCR TEST WITH RAPID ANTIGEN DETECTION KIT AND OTHER NON SPECIFIC TEST
Background: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic causing respiratory illness worldwide. Hence there is an urgent need for simple, rapid, and accurate tests for diagnosis. Performance characteristic of Rapid Antigen detection test for identifying sensitivity and specificity with gold standard Real-Time Polymerase Chain React...
403
224
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF UV SPECTROMETRIC METHOD OF ECONAZOLE NITRATE CO-CRYSTAL LOADED IN GEL FORMULATION
A simple, fast, inexpensive, and reliable UV spectrometric method was developed and validated to quantify Econazole Nitrate incorporated in topical gel in the form of co-crystal. This article presents the development and validation of different methods for quantification of Econazole nitrate co-crystal loaded in the topical gel as per ICH [Q2(R1)] guidelines. In method-A, the standard and sample s...
575
335
EVALUATION OF ACUTE AND SUBCHRONIC TOXICITY OF POLYHERBAL FORMULATIONS OF SHREE DHANWANTRI HERBALS IN WISTAR RATS
Plants have been utilized as medicine since the ancient period, and they are at the basis of much of modern medicine. Plants provide the basis for many conventional medications and the majority of the few successful drugs. Herbal formulations are becoming increasingly popular nowadays. But in some cases, side effects of the herbal formulations have been reported. So, according to the AYUSH ministr...
407
286
SOLUBILITY ENHANCEMENT OF LABETALOL HYDROCHLORIDE BY USING LIQUISOLID TECHNIQUE FOR MANAGEMENT OF HYPERTENSION
Background: Hypertension is the most common disorder affecting different age groups of people. The increased blood pressure creates discomfort in the patients; these cardiovascular diseases are risky which can lead to “mortality and morbidity”. Labetalol hydrochloride is an anti-hypertensive drug used to treat high blood pressure and Angina. These compounds possess less water solubility and lo...
505
247
DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF TASTE-MASKED ORALLY DISINTEGRATING TABLETS OF LEVOCETIRIZINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE
Purpose: The goal of this study was to develop taste-masked orally disintegrating tablets of the bitter-tasting levocetirizine dihydrochloride (LCDH) to improve the accessibility and adherence of pediatric, elderly, non-cooperative and paraplegic patients. Methods: In the present study, orally disintegrating Levocetirizine dihydrochloride tablets were formulated by direct compression. Taste maskin...
503
279
FORMULATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF SOLID SELF-EMULSIFYING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR CIPROFLOXACIN
The purpose is to formulate the solid self emulsifying drug delivery system (S-SEDDS) to improve poor aqueous solubility and dissolution of ciprofloxacin. A solubility study was carried out, and then Soyabean oil (as oil phase), Tween 20 (as surfactant), and Span 80 (as co-surfactant) were selected for preparation of emulsion by titration method. Adsorption to solid carrier technique was used for ...
430
242
STUDIES ON FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF IBUPROFEN MATRIX DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM BY USING “BEE PROPOLIS” (APIS MELLIFERA L.)
Ibuprofen is a Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) class drug and is used to treat pain, minor aches, fever, inflammation, and arthritis. Ibuprofen has an oral dose of 300 mg minimum and 3200 mg maximum in a day and is the main reason for the increase in its dosing frequency; many of the Ibuprofen formulations are of three times a day dosing and is the main reason for the development of such a...
577
281
PHYTOCHEMICAL ASSESSMENT AND SYNERGISTIC BIOEFFICACY OF CURCUMA CAESIA (ROXB.) FROM BASTAR AGAINST MULTI-DRUG RESISTANT HUMAN PATHOGENS
The current research is an attempt to investigate the antibacterial and synergistic bioefficacy of Curcuma caesia (Roxb.) versus human pathogenic bacteria viz., Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus vulgaris procured from IMTECH, Chandigarh, India. Agar well diffusion assay w...
354
277
COMPARISON BETWEEN STEROID AND PRP INJECTIONS IN MEDIAL EPICONDYLITIS (GOLFER’S ELBOW) PATIENTS
Background: Golfer's elbow, commonly known as medial epicondylitis, is an overuse syndrome caused by an eccentric overload of flexor-pronator mass on the medial epicondyle. This is produced by repetitive actions causing micro-trauma to insert the flexor-pronator mass, which affects the pronator teres more than the flexor carpi radialis. This study evaluates the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma and...
425
229
EVALUATION OF POLYHERBAL FORMULATION FOR ANTIPYRETIC ACTIVITY ON SMALL ANIMAL MODEL
Background: Fever is a part of a complex biological response due to pathogens, bacterial infection, damaged cells, drugs, toxins, etc. Fever is currently treated by NSAIDs. Unfortunately, NSAIDs damage the liver and kidney, inhibit COX-1, which affects the digestive system, and increase the risk of a blood clot. Therefore, the developments of potent antipyretic drugs from medicinal herbal plants a...
388
231
IN-SILICO IDENTIFICATION OF NEWER POTENTIAL PROPROTEIN CONVERTASE SUBSTILSIN/KEXIN TYPE 9 INHIBITORS AS POTENT ANTI-HYPERLIPIDEMIC AGENTS
Hyperlipidemia is a term that encompasses various genetic and acquired disorders that describe elevated lipid levels within the human body. The present study aims to design newer potent PCSK9 Inhibitors to treat hyperlipidemia. In the current study, pharmacophoric features like one hydrogen bond acceptor, one hydrogen bond donor, and one aromatic ring were used to construct a virtual library of li...
380
194
COMPARISON OF QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE APPROACHES TO SOIL QUALITY ASSESSMENT FOR AGRICULTURAL PURPOSES IN JAIPUR DISTRICT, RAJASTHAN
The nutritional quality of soil plays a key role in the growth of plants as soil minerals act as a source and sink for providing the essential nutrients to plants. The fertility of the soil and nutritional management are the two important factors that directly influence plants' productivity and quality. Soil management is an important tool for agriculture to provide nutritious food. Soil managemen...
396
224
EFFECT OF PH & TEMPERATURE VARIATIONS ON PHAGE STABILITY – A CRUCIAL PREREQUISITE FOR SUCCESSFUL PHAGE THERAPY
Phage therapy has become a successful alternative to conventional antibiotic therapy due to the increasing number of multidrug-resistant bacteria in most clinical settings. Various factors like phage adsorption to the host site and phage neutralization by the host determine the efficacy of phage treatment. However, external factors like temperature and pH are critical in deciding the success of us...
973
372
FOLKLORE MEDICINAL KNOWLEDGE OF THE PEOPLES IN PATHINETTAMKOTTAI VILLAGE, SIVAGANGAI DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU, INDIA
Since ancient times, man has been looking for plants to rescue from diseases and improve immunity. He may find the right choice of plants by trial and error, observing nature and following theories, and passing that information to the next generation by word of mouth. Folklore medicine combines traditional healing practices, spirituality, and therapies to diagnose and prevent ailments. In the pres...
408
273
ANTI-NEOPLASTIC TRANSDERMAL PATCH: A NOVEL APPROACH IN BREAST CANCER THERAPY
Background: In the present investigation Antineoplastic loaded transdermal patch was formulated using Liposomes, eudragit-RL, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose K-50, and ethyl cellulose. Materials and Methods: Liposomes were formulated by solvent evaporation method using poly (sebacic acid-co-ricinoleic acid) in varying ratios and evaluated for particle size, drug loading, entrapment efficiency, tr...
871
428
MICHELIA CHAMPACA LEAF EXTRACTS EXHIBIT HYPOGLYCEMIC EFFECT AND HYPOLIPIDEMIC ACTIVITY IN STREPTOZOTOCIN-NICOTINAMIDE-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS
A metabolic disease called diabetes mellitus in which blood glucose levels are abnormally high. It could be due to tissue glucose intolerance and impaired insulin production. In a Type II diabetes model generated by Streptozotocin and nicotinamide, the antidiabetic potential of ethanolic and aqueous leaf extracts of Michelia champaca (Magnoliaceae) was compared to a control group of diabetes. Th...
467
352
ARSENIC-INDUCED ALTERATIONS IN GLYCOGEN AND LIPID DURING THE OVARIAN CYCLE OF A FRESHWATER SILUROID, MYSTUS (M.) VITTATUS (BL.)
Heavy metals get their way into the environment through a wide spectrum of natural and anthropogenic sources. Arsenic (As) has been reported to be present in main too different oxidation states (As3+ and As5+). Trivalent arsenic (As3+) has been reported to be more toxic than the pentavalent (As5+) one. Mystus (M.) vittatus, a siluroid fish, were exposed to Sublethal concentration (SLC) of As3+ to ...
352
205