Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2022 in |
Zolmitriptan is a selective serotonin receptor agonist of 1B and 1D receptors belonging to the triptan class. Zolmitriptan binds to the serotonin (5-HT) 1B receptors, receptor binding leads to inhibition of nociceptive transmission, constriction of cranial vessels, and reduction of vessel pulsation, thereby providing relief of migraine headaches, as Zolmitriptan holds great importance in migraine headaches, it is necessary to compile the various analytical methods that have been reported in the literature for its analysis in pharmaceuticals or bulk products and in bioanalysis. Analytical techniques are used for pharmaceutical analysis and therapeutic drug monitoring to study bioavailability and bioequivalence. Most of the analytical methods reported for its determination are the ones that utilize HPLC and other hyphenated techniques like LC-MS, UPLC-MS, LC-MS/MS. Therefore, the present review provides a summary of the HPLC-based methods used in the determination and quantification of Zolmitriptan in different matrices since the time of its...
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Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2022 in |
HIV is a pandemic disease that is rapidly spreading across the world. The current review’s objective is to present how comprehensive various advanced anti-HIV drug delivery systems are. The use of a new drug delivery system helps in overcoming the challenges of dosage form growth, such as drug instability, insolubility, and restricted entrapment. Several delivery routes for ARV therapy have been identified, including trans dermal, mucosal (vaginal, rectal, buccal, etc.) and lymphatic delivery, utilizing novel systems such as nanoparticles, vesicular systems (liposomes, niosomes, ethosomes, emulsomes), micellar assemblies and so on. This review examines the potential of novel drug delivery systems for the prevention, treatment of retroviral infections, approaches and applications of novel drug delivery systems for Anti-HIV...
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Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2022 in |
Liposome was derived from two Greek words “Lipos” meaning fat, and “Soma” meaning body. Liposome, where spherical-shaped vesicles consist of phospholipids and cholesterol vesicles which are under extensive investigation as drug carriers for improving the bioavailability and delivery of therapeutic agents. Due to innovative developments in liposome technology, numerous liposome-based drug delivery systems are currently in a clinical trial, and recently some of them have been approved for clinical use. Due to their size, hydrophobic and lipophilic character, they are up-and-coming systems for drug delivery. This novel drug delivery system aims to target the drug directly to the site of action. Liposomes are biocompatible and stable They have the unique property to entrap both hydrophilic drug and lipophilic drug (amphipathic nature) to its compartment and lead to a controlled-release effect. They are 0.05to 5micrometertre in diameter. Liposomes are used for the treatment of various diseases like tumours or cancer. This review describes the current state-of-the-art of these new liposomal delivery systems classification, formulation, characterization, and potential applications of liposomes...
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Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2022 in |
Orphan drugs are medicinal products intended to diagnose, prevent, or treat life-threatening or debilitating rare diseases. In some parts of the world, a rare disease is also addressed as an orphan disease due to its poor diagnosis mechanism, low prevalence, and limited treatment options. The United States, Japan, Australia, and the European Union have adopted policies promoting orphan drugs development and commercialization. The United States was the first nation to adopt a law on orphan drugs in 1983, followed by Japan (1993), Australia (1998), and the European Union (2000). Orphan drug development also possesses challenges like limited scientific knowledge, low number of patients available, high pricing of these drugs & other regulatory challenges. This review compared the orphan drug regulations in the USA, the EU, Japan, and Australia and addressed the challenges involved in orphan drug development along with possible...
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Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2022 in |
Hypertension is a major global health challenge due to its prevalence and increased risk of cardiovascular disorder. Non-pharmacological intervention or lifestyle modification is a safer option to control blood pressure and shows effective results in regulating high blood pressure. In this review, we have described the pathophysiology of a hypertensive patient infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and functioning Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor during novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We summarized that article with the statement that hypertensive patients are more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 not because they are taking ACE inhibitor drugs that regulate blood pressure and blocks angiotensin II-induced inflammation and tissue damage. Still, chronic drug intake makes their body weak to get infected with SARS-CoV-2 due to compromised immunity. Thus, lifestyle modification by taking healthy diet, regular, precise exercise, reducing stress, avoidance of salt intake, involvement of green leafy vegetables rich in potassium should be included in the meals, drinking of enough water (3-4 liters/day) daily, limitation in consumption of alcohol and caffeine make effectively...
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