Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2020 in |
In today’s 21st century, Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are the most researched material by world investigation of the growing industry due to their various reasons properties for use in many applications either in medical or other potential applications. Carbon nanotubes become increasingly popular in various fields simply because of their small size and amazing optical, electric, and magnetic properties when used alone or with additions of metals. Carbon nanotubes are described as a cylindrical rolled graphene sheet. They are cap with end containing the pentagonal ring and also cylindrical of graphene with a diameter of 12 nm. Carbon nanotubes have potential therapeutic applications in various fields like drug delivery for API, diagnostics, and biosensing. Functionalized carbon nanotubes can also act as vaccine delivery systems. The basic principle involved in this to link the antigen to carbon nanotubes while retaining its conformation, thereby inducing antibody response with the right specificity. With the increasing interest shown by the nanotechnology research community during this field, it’s expected that a lot of applications of...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2020 in |
NSAIDs (Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) show its effect by preventing prostaglandin synthesis, which reasons ulcer complications and mucosal damage all over the gastrointestinal tract. The world’s most accepted drug was aspirin for treatment of pain and inflammation without knowing that it has the ability to inhibit prostaglandin production by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase enzyme for the treatment of pain and inflammation, until the late 1970s. The discovery of cyclo-oxygenase isoenzyme (COX-1 and COX-2), and their distinct function leads to the development of COX-1 and COX-2 selective inhibitors without any gastrointestinal toxicity. Initial intimations of the second form of cyclooxygenase (COX-2), which has different sensitivity for other drugs like aspirin, finally accompanied in a stimulating period of cyclooxygenase inhibitor discovery, concluding in the overview of an absolutely new generation of anti-inflammatory drugs. The aim of this paper is to review the development of COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitors. This paper also reviews that, what are the importance and history of natural products in the treatment of inflammation as COX-1 and COX-2...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2020 in |
Glutathione (GSH) is the most abundant non-protein thiol in eukaryotic cells capable of carrying out antioxidant defense mechanisms in the cell for its survivability, mostly against free radicals, i.e., Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). GSH protects normal cells against carcinogenic transformation, but high GSH levels in cancer cells decrease sensitivity to chemo- and radiotherapy, producing resistant cases of cancer. Hence, GSH depletion could be a potential mechanism by which resistant tumor cells can be sensitized to undergo apoptosis and autophagy. Thiol oxidation leads to the formation of permeability transition pore, promoting the extrusion of death-related molecular signals and activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Similarly, macroautophagic cell death involves the formation of auto-phagosomes that degrade organelles, including mitochondria, compromising normal cellular function and cellular death occurs by mechanisms such as mTorC1 inhibition. Therefore, the selective depletion of GSH in cancer cells could offer a promising approach in drug and radiation-resistant cases targeting multiple death-related cellular pathways. However, the selective depletion of such ubiquitous antioxidant, GSH in cancer cells yet remains...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2020 in |
COVID19 outbreak, originated from Wuhan, china is now declared as pandemic by WHO. HCQ has got special attention after various advisories are being issued by health authorities to utilize it for the prophylaxis of SARS COV2. Therefore, drug safety evaluation based on its pharmacokinetic & pharmacodynamics parameters & literature rationale for Evidence Based Medicine is required for its justification to be utilize effectively in the COVID19 Pandemic. We have reviewed literature of HCQ antiviral properties, ADRs, Drug Interactions on PubMed, Google Scholar, CDC database etc. Based on the gathered evidences we have performed Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) Risk vs. Benefit Analysis to justify HCQ utilization in SARS COV 2 through U.S. Preventive Services Task Force guidelines. Adverse drug reactions & toxicities such as retinopathy & cardiotoxicity due to HCQ are dose dependent and preventable in nature. HCQ has a potency to combat the disease. Further confirmations are awaited by more clinical trials and their meta-analysis results. It has proven to be effective in inhibiting the viral entry into the...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2020 in |
The recent scenario of accomplishment with faultlessness indulges a bent towards the techniques that develop the final formulations with the precise use of experimental designs. Also, the application of computer-aided optimization techniques has proved to be favorable in the development of drug delivery systems with reliable results. The optimization techniques have a comprehensive range of designs in total, Design of experiments (DoE) being one, enables a formulator to find a suitable blueprint to formulate a best-optimized formulation. The technology focuses on preparing the drug delivery system with the least expenditure, minimal efforts, and less cost. Using DoE techniques may lead to a perfect combination of a drug product with equivalent excipients. This systematic approach is exclusively constructed for developing optimized pharmaceutical formulations, and processes through phases like screening of factors, different experimental designs along with response surface analysis. The realization of computer-aided optimization techniques has empowered the research within academics and at the industry, level to burgeon the pharmaceutical products of various kinds. The key elements of a DoE...
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