Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2020 in |
Glutathione (GSH) is the most abundant non-protein thiol in eukaryotic cells capable of carrying out antioxidant defense mechanisms in the cell for its survivability, mostly against free radicals, i.e., Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). GSH protects normal cells against carcinogenic transformation, but high GSH levels in cancer cells decrease sensitivity to chemo- and radiotherapy, producing resistant cases of cancer. Hence, GSH depletion could be a potential mechanism by which resistant tumor cells can be sensitized to undergo apoptosis and autophagy. Thiol oxidation leads to the formation of permeability transition pore, promoting the extrusion of death-related molecular signals and activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Similarly, macroautophagic cell death involves the formation of auto-phagosomes that degrade organelles, including mitochondria, compromising normal cellular function and cellular death occurs by mechanisms such as mTorC1 inhibition. Therefore, the selective depletion of GSH in cancer cells could offer a promising approach in drug and radiation-resistant cases targeting multiple death-related cellular pathways. However, the selective depletion of such ubiquitous antioxidant, GSH in cancer cells yet remains...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2020 in |
COVID19 outbreak, originated from Wuhan, china is now declared as pandemic by WHO. HCQ has got special attention after various advisories are being issued by health authorities to utilize it for the prophylaxis of SARS COV2. Therefore, drug safety evaluation based on its pharmacokinetic & pharmacodynamics parameters & literature rationale for Evidence Based Medicine is required for its justification to be utilize effectively in the COVID19 Pandemic. We have reviewed literature of HCQ antiviral properties, ADRs, Drug Interactions on PubMed, Google Scholar, CDC database etc. Based on the gathered evidences we have performed Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) Risk vs. Benefit Analysis to justify HCQ utilization in SARS COV 2 through U.S. Preventive Services Task Force guidelines. Adverse drug reactions & toxicities such as retinopathy & cardiotoxicity due to HCQ are dose dependent and preventable in nature. HCQ has a potency to combat the disease. Further confirmations are awaited by more clinical trials and their meta-analysis results. It has proven to be effective in inhibiting the viral entry into the...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2020 in |
The recent scenario of accomplishment with faultlessness indulges a bent towards the techniques that develop the final formulations with the precise use of experimental designs. Also, the application of computer-aided optimization techniques has proved to be favorable in the development of drug delivery systems with reliable results. The optimization techniques have a comprehensive range of designs in total, Design of experiments (DoE) being one, enables a formulator to find a suitable blueprint to formulate a best-optimized formulation. The technology focuses on preparing the drug delivery system with the least expenditure, minimal efforts, and less cost. Using DoE techniques may lead to a perfect combination of a drug product with equivalent excipients. This systematic approach is exclusively constructed for developing optimized pharmaceutical formulations, and processes through phases like screening of factors, different experimental designs along with response surface analysis. The realization of computer-aided optimization techniques has empowered the research within academics and at the industry, level to burgeon the pharmaceutical products of various kinds. The key elements of a DoE...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2020 in |
Helicobacter pylori (HP) as a non-invasive microbe, has been cloned in the stomach. The most important side effects of HP are inflammation, peptic ulcer (PU) and gastric cancer (GC). Control of inflammation, leads to preventing other HP side effects and antibiotic resistance, therefore it is important to use of natural anti-inflammatory compounds. In present study, review the effect of Zingiber officinale (Z. officinale) in controlling side effects of HP in human. Related articles were collected in Google Scholar, Pub Med, Science direct, Scientific Information Database and Scopus. For this purpose, using the terms pylori, Zingiber officinale and Ginger in the title of the all articles published to 2020. Based on search results, were absorbed 15 articles in Google Scholar, 10 articles in Pub Med, 1 articles in Science direct, 1 article in Scientific Information Database and 13 articles in Scopus. After removing the same articles, protocols and no English language articles, finally reviewed, 8 English-language articles and 1 Farsi language article. Regard to long-term treatment of HP and the...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2020 in |
This review enumerates the classification, role, and importance of carbohydrate derivatives and glycomimetics. Carbohy-drates are polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones. Carbohydrates are the most abundant dietary source of energy for all organisms. They are precursors for many organic compounds such as fatty acids and amino acids. They can participate in the structure of cell membranes and cellular functions such as cell growth, adhesion, and fertilization. Glycomimetics are the compounds of low molecular weight based on the structure of functional carbohydrates. The rational style of tiny molecule glycomimetics that exhibit improved drug-like properties like enlarged affinity, blood serum half-life, stability, and bioavailability. Currently, two successful drugs for influenza (Tamiflu, Relenza) are mimicking (Glycomimetics) the transition state of the enzymatic cleavage of the terminal N-acetyl neuraminic acid. A hopeful example is the antibody 2G12, which has been shown to neutralize HIV infectivity. The functional carbohydrates identified in these recognition processes themselves do not make good drug candidates. Rather, their bioactive conformations in their receptor sites can be empirically determined by physicochemical methods...
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