Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2020 in |
Microspheres are small spherical free-flowing particles, with diameters 1 μm to 1000 μm consisting of proteins or synthetic polymers which are biodegradable in nature. They are prepared to obtain prolonged or controlled drug delivery to improve, bioavailability, stability and to target the drug to a specific site at a predetermined rate. Microspheres are of various types and are prepared by different techniques as spray drying technique, solvent evaporation technique, single-emulsion technique, double-emulsion technique, etc. Microspheres do not receive much attention not only for prolonged-release but also for targeting of anticancer drugs. Microspheres can be applied in different fields as in cosmetics, oral drug delivery, target drug delivery, ophthalmic drug delivery, gene delivery, and others discussed in the review. In the future, with various other techniques microspheres will find a place in novel drug delivery, specifically in diseased cell sorting, diagnostics, genetic materials, safe, targeted & effective in-vivo delivery. The present review highlights various types of microspheres, different methods of preparation, its applications, and recent advances in microspherical drug delivery...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2020 in |
Transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) provides an alternate safe way of drug delivery compared to other invasive techniques. Documented advancement in transdermal science provides sustainable delivery of drug molecules, improved bioavailability, the better therapeutic efficacy of embedded drug’s and ability to deliver the drug at a constant rate and also reduces the adverse effects associated with oral delivery of drugs. Skin provides a formidable barrier for topical delivery of drugs to overcome its various agents have been used. TDDS have received more attention recently due to their unique features such as improve bioavailability, controlled release of medication and better patient compliance. Transdermal patches, which consist of the drug along with other ingredients provide an effective way to overcome this barrier. The present review mainly focuses on the various advancement of transdermal drug delivery, the various available method for preparation of transdermal patches, characterization and assessment tools for transdermal patch preparation, patents filled, clinical trial performed on transdermal compounds along with drug approved and future applications of transdermal drug delivery...
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Posted by admin on May 31, 2020 in |
Iontophoresis assisted drug delivery system refers to a novel system for delivery of the drug in a non-invasive and effective manner across the skin or biological membranes by electrical assistance. Drug substances exhibiting low trans-corneal (ocular) permeability can be effectively delivered in a safe, fast, and painless manner by the employment of electric current of low intensity, which enhances permeation of drugs across the cornea and thereby, extends the duration of drug action. Fundamental principles of physics guide the technique of ocular iontophoresis that repulsion occurs between the ionic charges of the same nature, while attraction occurs between the ionic charges of opposite nature. Electro-repulsion and electro-osmotic flow are the two transport mechanisms on which ocular iontophoresis works. For the ocular delivery of the drug, there are various iontophoresis devices available in the market, e.g., Eyegate® II and OcuPhore®, those are the most commonly used delivery devices for this purpose, while VisulexTM is another similar system. On the basis of the site of application, ocular iontophoresis can be classified...
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Posted by admin on May 31, 2020 in |
From bench to bedside, clinical research had always played as a convenient tool in the field of cancer biology to inquire about the effectiveness of different anticancer drugs on different human-derived cancer cell lines. According to the American Cancer Society, nearly 4000 new cases and 1600 deaths predicted in 2019 in the United States. Besides, to these alarming statistics, rising cost and health-related complications associated with treatments had made the research of cell lines on the anticancer drug more relevant. This article providing a comprehensive review of cancer, advanced development of the anticancer drugs, and a brief inference on progression-free survival rate (PFS) of the following anticancer and engineered monoclonal antibody drugs are...
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Posted by admin on May 31, 2020 in |
Doxorubicin (DOX), an anthracycline antibiotic that is highly used for cancer treatment (chemotherapy), but its chemotherapeutic application is limited due to its cardiotoxicity. The major mechanism of doxorubicin action as the free radical formation and as an inhibiter of topoisomerase II and other signaling pathways is also invoked significant consequence for the cardiomyocyte. But the years of clinical use of doxorubicin generates a need for monitoring the procedure of cardiotoxicity as well as understanding its potential. Peak plasma concentration plays a key role in causing cardiotoxicity and antineoplastic activity. There are two mechanisms, the first one is anti-tumor action, and second one is cardiotoxicity. Cardiotoxicity mechanism has several pathways 1) formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species 2) interaction of calcium overload 3) disturb the serum biomarker levels 4) DNA damage. These are the main pathways to cause cardiotoxicity. Some signs and symptoms are given to identify doxorubicin cardiotoxicity like echocardiographical changes, angiographic changes, and disturbance in the serum biomarkers level like GSH, LDH and CK-MB. Some drugs are...
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