Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2019 in |
The calcium channel blockers, a diverse group of cardiovascular drugs, exert their action by inhibiting the L-type calcium channels and cause vasodilatation in the heart and the smooth muscles. They also block the action potential at the SA and AV node, thus prolonging the duration of the action potential (Verapamil and Diltiazem). Although, the calcium channel blockers have the same anti-hypertensive actions, they have a vast difference in their pharmacological actions, pharmacokinetic profile, and adverse reactions. The main aim was to review, compare, and understand the complete pharmacological profile of all the calcium channel blockers and understand their place in pharmacotherapy. Numerous articles and studies showed that amlodipine remains to be the safe and effective drug of choice in chronic hypertension due to its slow, prolonged duration of action and lesser incidence of reflux tachycardia. The newer calcium channel blockers, although similar to amlodipine in blood pressure lowering effect, have several pharmacological advantages. Felodipine was found to be slightly better than amlodipine in the treatment of ischemia/angina due to...
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Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2019 in |
Dental caries is an infective serious transmittable bacterial disease characterized by a multi-factorial pathology. Main players in the etiology of this disease are cariogenic bacteria, fermentable carbohydrates, a susceptible tooth, the host, and the time. It is still one of the most common disease worldwide. Biological factor such as cariogenic bacteria plays an important role in dental caries initiation, progression as well as tooth decay. Previous studies suggested that the main pathogenic bacteria are Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus. Consequently, Lactobacillus is considered the second most cariogenic bacteria of oral flora. It is not the caries initiator but plays an important role in caries progression. Most of the previous studies were quantitative, so till now, researchers not know about the specific species of Lactobacillus which are directly associated with dental caries progression. Some species-level identification studies suggested that the most common Lactobacillus species are L. gasseeri, L. fermentum, L. vaginalis and L. casei which were predominantly reported at the most of the oral sites, i.e. saliva, tongue, carious lesion, dental...
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Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2019 in |
Metabolic syndrome, the most prevailing health concern worldwide, and their incidences are increasing at a very high rate, resulting in enormous social costs. Obesity is a measure risk factor for non-communicable disease such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, and inflammation-based diseases. Therapeutic strategies for managing this syndrome include synthetic drugs and surgery, which entail high costs and serious complications. Over the last decade, there has been an increase in the interest for the expansion of anti-obesity drugs, with particular attention paid to those from natural sources. Flavonoids or bioflavonoids derived from the Latin word flavus, mean yellow, and are ubiquitous in plants; these compounds are the most abundant polyphenolic compounds in the human diet and have been found to possess many beneficial effects with advantages over chemical treatments. Several clinical and research studies has suggested that flavonoids have been investigated in great depth and have shown a wide range of anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-microbial and anti-cancer properties. Beneficial effects of dietary flavonoids on glucose homeostasis for the prevention and treatment...
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Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2019 in |
Psoriasis is autoimmune, hyperproliferative skin disease, which is affecting 2-5% of the population. Etiology of psoriasis is multi-factorial. The disease is identified as periodic recycle of events with red-scaly skin plaques. The epidemiology of Psoriasis is still unknown. From medication, this disease can only be prevented. Currently, there are many approaches to cure this disease, but still, no approach has completely cured the illness. New treatments are available for psoriasis, which are derived from biotechnology; they are known as biological drugs. The discovery of these new drugs derived from biotechnology prevents the activation of T-cells and targets cytokines. These drugs are less toxic and better functional, so patients, as well as a dermatologist, prefer the use of these biological drugs for the treatment of psoriasis over topical therapy, phototherapy, and systemic therapy. This review gives a detailed explanation of current therapies for the treatment of psoriasis and challenges associated along with...
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Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2019 in |
Albizia procera is a genus of albizia, the member of legume family (fabaceae) and subfamily Mimosoideae. Albizia procera is tree with open canopy, occurs naturally in a wide distribution from India and Myanmar through South-East Asia to Papua New Guinea and Northern Australia. On basis of our study, Albizia procera has the high economic potential to be applied in pharmaceuticals, pharmacognosy, traditional medicines, agricultures, tanning, dyeing, construction, ornamental markets, and so many researchers identified more pharmacological activities in Albizia procera were used in humans. This review presents phytochemical constituents, pharmacognostic characters, traditional uses, pharmacological and biological activities reported for the plant and it will be helpful to explore the knowledge about Albizia procera for the...
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