Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2018 in |
Background: In research, the analyst gets samples for separation ranging from a simple mixture of two or more synthetic drugs to complex ones obtained from biological, environmental or industrial processes. Chromatography has extensively used in such separations where component separation based upon their affinity towards stationary phase and mobile phase. 90% of the stationary phases available use silica gel either in its original form or with advanced surface properties. Objective: To furnish the reader with detailed information on silica gel, the functional moiety in chromatography, from its synthesis, properties, types, modification of surface characteristics and applications. We aim to focus on novel silica materials evolved recently and getting attention due to their...
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Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2018 in |
Nature gives numbers of drugs and possibly has all solutions for human diseases. Till date, nature provides a large number of clinically useful drugs. Ulcer and liver diseases are major increasing health problems. Now a day number of drugs are used for the treatment of peptic ulcer and hepatic diseases, but these drugs have various types of side effect such as incidences of relapse, and drug interactions. Drugs of plant origin gaining popularity to treat peptic ulcer and hepatotoxicity. It is difficult to search pure phytochemicals as hepatoprotective and antiulcer drugs. It is time-consuming and also very expensive. From authentic literature sources, it founded that there are no medicinal plants, which utilized for the treatment of ulcer and liver diseases. Andrographis paniculata, Eclipta alba, Picrorrhiza kurroa, Silibum marianum, Phyllanthus and Trichopus zeylanicus, etc. plants are renounced for their satisfactory activity against certain hepatotoxins. The wide range of compounds showing anti–ulcer and hepatoprotective effect, among them flavonoids is most important. Flavonoids play an important role in reducing free radicals. Various...
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Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2018 in |
Aspergillus produces both airborne and waterborne infections with deadly consequences depending on the species involved and the immune status of patients. Patients may remain asymptomatic for up to 18 months. The severity of aspergillosis is mainly seen in HSCT recipients with mortality up to 90%. Though aspergillosis is primarily opportunistic and lung is the primary site of infection yet deviation observed where the primary site was organs other than lungs. The major reasons behind invasion are prolonged (>3 weeks) high dose corticosteroid therapy, broad-spectrum antibiotics, CMV infection, iron overload, decreased neutrophil count (<500 cells/mm3), etc. Monoclonal technology in the form of EB-A2 and JF5 antibody can identify fungal antigen much before the appearance of clinical symptoms. Selection of a test and its success to determine fungal invasion depend on associated morbidity as galactomannan assay is more suitable in HSCT recipients rather than solid organ transplant recipients whereas PCR is specific for cancer patients with thrombocytopenia to differentiate between aspergillosis and histoplasmosis. Thorough knowledge about the neutrophil profile is required...
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Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2018 in |
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of cancer death. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer. It is the fifth most common cancer worldwide and the third most common cause of cancer mortality. Despite advances in prevention techniques and new technologies in both diagnosis and treatment incidence and mortality continue to rise. It is less common in most parts of the developed Western world but appears to be increasing substantially in incidence. This malignancy occurs more often among men and older person. Rates of HCC are particularly high in Eastern / Southeastern Asia and Africa, intermediate in Southern Europe and low in most high-income countries. The most prominent risk factors for this cancer are hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). Some other factors are participating in a high incidence of HCC such as cirrhosis, cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, obesity, aflatoxin exposure, familial/genetic factors, and metabolic disorders. The present review has aimed an overview of worldwide incidence, determinants or risk factors...
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Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2018 in |
Infective diarrhoea is a common cause of malnutrition in children <5 years of age. The aetiological agents may be bacteria, viruses or parasites. The bacterial agents cause diarrhoea by either secretion of toxins which act on the small intestine to cause outpouring of fluids into the lumen as seen in Vibrio cholerae, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus or by damaging mucosa resulting in dysentery like that seen in infection with Shigella, non-typhoidal Salmonellae, Vibrio parahemolyticus, Clostridium difficile and Campylobacter. This article summarizes the common bacterial etiological agents, clinical presentation of illness caused the laboratory diagnosis and antibiotic susceptibility testing of these...
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